İmparatorlukların yıkılıp ulus-devletlerin kurulduğu 20. yüzyıla varan süreçte Osmanlı, Habsburg, Romanov ve Kaçar imparatorluklarının sınırlarına büyük bir hareketlilik hâkimdi. Kalıplaşmış siyasi... Show moreİmparatorlukların yıkılıp ulus-devletlerin kurulduğu 20. yüzyıla varan süreçte Osmanlı, Habsburg, Romanov ve Kaçar imparatorluklarının sınırlarına büyük bir hareketlilik hâkimdi. Kalıplaşmış siyasi hayat baştan aşağıya değişiyordu. Asiler Devri, bu süreçte Balkanlar’dan Kafkasya ve Ortadoğu’ya uzanan geniş bir coğrafyayı şiddet yoluyla şekillendiren eşkıyaların, isyancıların, çetecilerin ve eylemcilerin izini sürüyor. Ramazan Hakkı Öztan ve Alp Yenen’in derlediği bu çalışma, Kafkas eşkıyalar ile Balkan devrimcilerin, İranlı çeteciler ile İttihatçıların kurulu düzeni ihlal etmelerine yol açan koşulları ve eylemlerinin sonuçlarını, çeşitli vakalar üzerinden tarihsel ve biyografik yaklaşımlarla ele alıyor. Show less
In lieu of an abstract:In 2018, three anonymous and hitherto unpublished, unexhibited drawings of Istanbul by the same hand, previously part of Dr. Müfid Ekdal’s collection, were donated to the... Show moreIn lieu of an abstract:In 2018, three anonymous and hitherto unpublished, unexhibited drawings of Istanbul by the same hand, previously part of Dr. Müfid Ekdal’s collection, were donated to the Suna and İnan Kıraç Foundation by his son Oral Ekdal, upon Dr. Ekdal’s passing. One of them, a 360-degree, threeand- a-half-meter-long panorama, inspired researchers and curators working at the Istanbul Research Institute and Pera Museum to work on an exhibition on the history of Istanbul panoramas. Four years after preparations began, On the Spot: Panoramic Gaze on Istanbul, a History, curated by Çiğdem Kafescioğlu, K. Mehmet Kentel, and M. Baha Tanman, opened on October 26, 2023, at the Pera Museum, and greets its visitors with the aforementioned panorama. While the exhibition and its accompanying catalog explore various facets of Istanbul’s panoramic imaginaries through the centuries and firmly locate Istanbul as a crucial spot within the global history of panoramas, this short piece aims to briefly introduce these three recent additions to the Suna and İnan Kıraç Foundation collections to the scholarly community. Show less
The Republic of Turkey was founded a hundred years ago on 29 October 1923. Turkey holds a unique position between Europe and the Middle East. It continues to captivate international attention,... Show moreThe Republic of Turkey was founded a hundred years ago on 29 October 1923. Turkey holds a unique position between Europe and the Middle East. It continues to captivate international attention, evoking hopes and fears in the hearts and minds of contemporary observers. As a critical commemoration of its centenary, this book presents a mosaic of one hundred carefully curated fragments by expert authors, shedding light on politics, economy, society, culture, gender, and arts in a hundred years of Turkey. Each fragment offers a glimpse into a specific aspect of Turkey’s development, revealing the complexities of Turkey’s historical reality. Through exhibiting a diverse range of historical sources like laws, speeches, essays, letters, newspaper articles, poems, songs, memoirs, photos, posters, maps, and diagrams, each fragment brings the voices and images of Turkey’s past and present to readers. A Hundred Years of Republican Turkey: A History in a Hundred Fragments is an invaluable resource for researchers, educators, students, and anyone interested in Turkey’s fascinating history since 1923. Show less
This article reconstructs the history of a Zaydi sayyid clan, the Āl Shams al-Dīn, their rise to prominence prior to the Ottoman conquest of Yemen and their continued success in maintaining their... Show moreThis article reconstructs the history of a Zaydi sayyid clan, the Āl Shams al-Dīn, their rise to prominence prior to the Ottoman conquest of Yemen and their continued success in maintaining their status at the top of Yemeni socio-political hierarchies over four centuries. The article explains the reasons for the success of the family as resilient local rulers and argues that the ability of the lords of Kawkabān to build alliances with the Ottomans was a necessary step for them to keep their special status in the next state formed in Yemen—the Qasimid imamate. Their alliance with the Ottomans is placed in a broader context for comparison. Through the analysis of the position of the family in early modern Yemen continuities between three successive political regimes are demonstrated. Show less
This thesis argues that the age of steam and print—more specifically, increased access to the steamship, railway, printing press, and telegraph—played a crucial role in the extended dynamic... Show moreThis thesis argues that the age of steam and print—more specifically, increased access to the steamship, railway, printing press, and telegraph—played a crucial role in the extended dynamic challenges of the ideas of the Caliphate, Wahhabism and Mahdism vis-à-vis each other. It aims to illustrate how these three concepts took on global dimensions by spilling over Ottoman borders and how they affected the Ottoman centre’s reactions to these developments after the revolution in communications and transportation in the second half of the nineteenth century. Ideas about the Caliphate, Wahhabism and Mahdism had already existed for a long time. However, their spheres of influence had remained limited to a certain area and timeframe, not attaining a global scope until the advent of the new age. The centuries-old Islamic concept of the Caliphate assumed a new global dimension under the banner of Pan-Islamism, and the Ottoman Caliphate claimed spiritual sovereignty over all of the multinational Muslim communities that lived under the control of various authorities, including the British, Dutch, Russian, and French empires. Wahhabism, as the ideology of a doctrine-oriented movement that came into being in the previous century but had remained local, spread all around the world in this new era and thus became a global concern for state rulers. Likewise, the Mahdi creed had existed throughout Islamic history but it became a widespread ideology in the case of the Sudanese Mahdi movement, garnering attention in distant lands and drawing in many Muslims in a short period of time. Show less
The dissertation examines an early migration control system, which existed on the Habsburg-Ottoman border in the eighteenth century. Between the 1720s and the 1850s, migrants entering the Habsburg... Show moreThe dissertation examines an early migration control system, which existed on the Habsburg-Ottoman border in the eighteenth century. Between the 1720s and the 1850s, migrants entering the Habsburg Monarchy from the Ottoman Empire had to go through official border crossings, where they were controlled and registered. Similar migration control system did not exist at that time anywhere else in Europe. Through research of archives in Austria, Serbia and Croatia, as well as many narrative sources, the dissertation explores an array of questions: what was the origin of that, at the time, unusual border arrangement, where after 1699 a clearly demarcated boundary separated Habsburg and Ottoman territories? How did it affect border life and the Habsburg-Ottoman relationship? How could the Habsburg Monarchy, with its limited administrative apparatus, effectively enforce migration controls? What was the role of the permanent cordon sanitaire? How did the Military Border soldiers and other stakeholders, such as border inhabitants, the Ottoman border authorities and the migrants themselves contribute to migration control? Finally, the dissertation explores whether the goal of the system was to restrict or to facilitate migrations. Quantitatively analysing migrant lists, it researches the impact of border controls on migration numbers and structure. Show less
This dissertation traces the rise to power of the Köprülü dynasty of grand viziers, Köprülü Mehmed Pasha, and Fazıl Ahmed Pasha by examining their relationship with the dynasty and their... Show moreThis dissertation traces the rise to power of the Köprülü dynasty of grand viziers, Köprülü Mehmed Pasha, and Fazıl Ahmed Pasha by examining their relationship with the dynasty and their household connections. This study of the political life of the Köprülü grand viziers is intended to provide insight into two main lines of inquiry. Firstly, it offers an important opportunity to analyze the relationship between the sultan and the vizier, two powerful figures of the political system, from the late sixteenth century up until the late seventeenth century. Secondly, it opens up the possibility of providing a detailed analysis of the structure of the vizierial households that appeared on the political scene from the sixteenth century onwards. This dissertation argues that the most decisive factor in the establishment and consolidation of the Köprülü power was the high level of support provided by Hadice Turhan Sultan and Mehmed IV. It also argues that Köprülü Mehmed Pasha and Fazıl Ahmed Pasha established the most efficient political network stretching from the provinces to the central bureaucracy of the seventeenth century by the end of their twenty-year tenure. Show less
This study aims to examine the political, economic, cultural and social events that occurred in Trabzon, an important provincial city that had a uniquely multicultural population consisting of... Show moreThis study aims to examine the political, economic, cultural and social events that occurred in Trabzon, an important provincial city that had a uniquely multicultural population consisting of Turks, Greeks, Armenians and a smaller number of Iranians. The timeframe of the study is the first six years (1908-1914) of the Second Constitutional Period, a time when changes and transformations were occurring at an unprecedented rate in Ottoman lands. This study takes as its subject the developments that occurred in Trabzon. Within the scope of this study, a wide range of issues are discussed in light of the changes that were occurring under the leadership of the Committee of Union and Progress, including the activities of the Unionists, the relationship between the center and the periphery, how local nobles perceived the Committee of Union and Progress and its politics as well as vice versa, and the extent to which the Committee’s political, cultural, economic and social policies had an impact on local life. In short, the main aim of this study is to bring to light the political, economic, cultural and social changes and transformations that occurred in Trabzon under the Committee’s leadership between 1908 and 1914. Show less
The emergence of Ottoman Turkish popular erotic narratives coincided with the proclamation of the Second Constitution in 1908. Thereafter, the publication of these narratives continued for... Show moreThe emergence of Ottoman Turkish popular erotic narratives coincided with the proclamation of the Second Constitution in 1908. Thereafter, the publication of these narratives continued for around two decades until they were prohibited in the early years of the Turkish Republic on the grounds that they would damage public morality. This dissertation comprehensively reads examples of Ottoman Turkish popular erotic narratives. It provides insight into newly emerging discourses on gender and sexuality in the twentieth-century Ottoman Empire. In addition to investigating the emergence of new discourses on gender and sexuality through which the transition from sexual practices to construction of sexual identities unfolded, this dissertation is intended to demonstrate the Ottoman Empire’s political transition to modernity as well as to the nation state in relation to those newly emerged discourses. Show less
The study of revolutions is at the forefront of the growing field of International Historical Sociology. As International Historical Sociology scholars have sought to uncover the spatio-temporally... Show moreThe study of revolutions is at the forefront of the growing field of International Historical Sociology. As International Historical Sociology scholars have sought to uncover the spatio-temporally changing character of international relations, they have come a long way in overcoming ‘unilinear’ and ‘internalist’ conceptions of revolutionary modern transformation. In this article, I re-evaluate the extent to which the International Historical Sociology of ‘bourgeois revolutions’ has succeeded in remedying unilinear conceptions of the transition to modernity. I argue that ‘consequentialist’ approaches to the study of bourgeois revolutions tend to obscure the radically heterogeneous character of revolutionary transformations, both within and outside Western Europe. Drawing on Political Marxism and Robbie Shilliam’s discussion of Jacobinism, I first provide a non-consequentialist reading of the revolutions of modernity within Western Europe, and then utilize this reinterpretation to provide a new interpretation of the Turkish Revolution (1923–1945). My aim is to demonstrate that a non-consequentialist conception of ‘bourgeois revolutions’ will enable us to historicize and theorize more accurately the co-constitution of international relations and revolutionary processes, hence providing a stronger foundation for the International Historical Sociology of modern revolutions. Show less
The southern campaigns were a series of military endeavors, undertaken by Russia against the Ottoman and Safavid empires between 1695 and 1739. These campaigns played a vital role in the... Show moreThe southern campaigns were a series of military endeavors, undertaken by Russia against the Ottoman and Safavid empires between 1695 and 1739. These campaigns played a vital role in the military evolution of early modern Russia and influenced the reform policy, carried out by the tsars in order to restructure the old Muscovite army into a new, imperial one. The dissertation aims at depicting and defining the interrelation between reform and battlefield performance in the case to eighteenth-century Russia and also to outline the main factors, which influenced the development and conduct to the tsarist forces. Show less
