This thesis examines gender differences in recorded criminality in early modern Frankfurt and the way that these differences were shaped by the local context. For a long time it was considered that... Show moreThis thesis examines gender differences in recorded criminality in early modern Frankfurt and the way that these differences were shaped by the local context. For a long time it was considered that the criminality of women is a marginal phenomenon and that this was invariable over time and place. Historical studies, however, have demonstrated that women played a much more prominent role in recorded crime in the early modern period, and could even make up half of all defendants in specific locations. At the same time, there were also large regional differences. Until now, historians focused only little on the differences, and instead looked for general explanations for female deviance in this period. This thesis studies the structural impact of the local context on women’s offending and their prosecution. It shows that the pattern in Frankfurt was both similar and different to that of other European cities. Strong informal control within the household, which is normally associated with close-knit communities in the countryside, played an important role in the urban community of Frankfurt and influenced prosecution patterns. Owing to the reliance on household control, cities like Frankfurt am Main knew a distinct type of urban female offender. Show less
Eurasians were privileged groups of mixed ancestry in Asian colonial societies. They were the result of unions between European males and indigenous women. They neither belonged to the... Show moreEurasians were privileged groups of mixed ancestry in Asian colonial societies. They were the result of unions between European males and indigenous women. They neither belonged to the colonizers, nor to the colonized. When colonization came to an end, the Eurasians found themselves in a difficult position. The European rulers, on which their status was based, were gone. The new indigenous rulers usually perceived them suspiciously as colonial remnants and sometimes even as traitors. In this chaotic, sometimes violent situation, they had to decide where they belonged: in the country of their European fathers or the former colony, the country of their Asian mothers. This was a serious dilemma since they only knew the mother country from stories and lessons at school. In this project I have compared the position and options of the Indo-Europeans with those of similar groups from two other former Asian co lonies, the Anglo-Indians from British India and the Métis people from French Indochina. This study of Eurasians from three former colonies showed that an emancipation paradox of acquiring more rights while discriminated against more at the same time was instrumental in creating the framework in which Eurasians had to make their choices. Show less
Many cities advertise services especially for expats, but who are they and why do we welcome them? Are they the ideal migrant, employee and citizen? In this historical study of expats in The Hague... Show moreMany cities advertise services especially for expats, but who are they and why do we welcome them? Are they the ideal migrant, employee and citizen? In this historical study of expats in The Hague and Jakarta in the postwar period, their settlement process in the city is studied from a long-term perspective and on the basis of empirical data from the archives of municipalities, embassies, expat clubs and school, as well as interviews. This study shows that the postwar and postcolonial period witnesses the rise of a new generation of expats who have a more diverse profile when it comes to their nationality, social background, profession, career and family situation. As a result it are no longer only nation states, as was the case in the colonial context, but also private companies, international organizations and urban governments that play an important role in their settlement process. Because expats have more international careers we also see a standardization process occurring in the way expatriate communities organize around the world. This study, however, also urges city governments to remain aware of the specific profile of the expatriates they attract and how internationalization processes affect the opportunities of other citizens in the city. Show less
This article identifies and provides examples of five recurring speech patterns on dating platforms that users might experience as racist and/or xenophobic. Empirical material comes from over... Show moreThis article identifies and provides examples of five recurring speech patterns on dating platforms that users might experience as racist and/or xenophobic. Empirical material comes from over 3000 Copenhagen-based profile texts on Grindr and PlanetRomeo—two platforms that cater primarily to men seeking men—as well as from interviews with twelve recent immigrants to the greater Copenhagen area who use these platforms. Theories of everyday racism (Essed, 1991), sexual racism (Callander, 2015), and entitlement racism (Essed, 2013; Essed and Muhr, 2018) informed the formulation of these five patterns, which I identify as the following: persistent questions about the origins of people with migration background; racial-sexual exclusions; racial-sexual fetishes; conflation between (potential) immigrants and economic opportunism; and insults directed at immigrants based on race, nationality, or religion. As an exploratory study, this article mainly serves to inform readers of the various ways immigrants and people of color can experience racism and xenophobia while participating in online sexual and social networking platforms; but secondly, the chapter archives the mercurial and fleeting (albeit historically embedded) discourses on these platforms for future researchers interested in comparing racisms over time and across cultures. Show less
This article examines global social policy formation in the area of skilled migration, with a focus on the Gulf Arab region. Across the globe, migration governance presents challenges to multiple... Show moreThis article examines global social policy formation in the area of skilled migration, with a focus on the Gulf Arab region. Across the globe, migration governance presents challenges to multiple levels of authority; its complexity crosses many scales and involves a multitude of actors with diverse interests. Despite this jurisdictional complexity, migration remains one of the most staunchly defended realms of sovereign policy control. Building on global social policy literature, this article examines how ‘domestic’ labour migration policies reflect the entanglement of multiple states’ and agencies’ interests. Such entanglements result in what we characterize as a ‘multiplex system’, where skilled-migration policies are formed within, and shaped by, globalized policy spaces. To illustrate, we examine policies that shape the nursing labour market in Oman during a period when the state aims to transition from dependence on an expatriate to an increasingly nationalized labour force. Engaging a case-study methodology including a survey of migrant healthcare workers, semi-structured interviews and data analysis, we find that nursing labour markets in Oman represent an example of global policy formation due to the interaction of domestic and expatriate labour policies and provisioning systems. The transnational structuring of policy making that emerges reflects a contingent process marked by conflicting outcomes. We contend that Oman’s nursing labour market is an example of new spaces where global social policies emerge from the tension of competing national state and market interests.Show less
This article examines policies and ideas of European settlement in Africa through the lens of imperial rhetoric and nationalist imaginations in Portugal during the first decades of Salazar’s... Show moreThis article examines policies and ideas of European settlement in Africa through the lens of imperial rhetoric and nationalist imaginations in Portugal during the first decades of Salazar’s dictatorship. Even though European settlement in Africa was under discussion since Brazil’s independence, the debate was invigorated in the 1930s. This article will place the renewed interest within the wider context of transnational migration, world economic crisis and inter-European competition for colonial dominance before the Second World War. Although European settlement was perceived as necessary both in terms of domestic social regulation and international competition at the time, state-sponsored settlements in Portuguese Africa were not a reality until the worldwide process of decolonization had started. On the contrary, not only did Portuguese political elites not invest in settlement schemes, but they actually adopted measures to curb migration to the colonies up until 1945, contradicting their imperialist rhetoric at home. The author argues that the contradiction between rhetoric and practice needs to be analysed in light of the growing desire to intensify control over space and people in European settlements in Africa. Barriers to block undesirable migrants from the metropole were only one part of the process of forcing an idealized vision of Portugal and Portugueseness into reality in both the colonies and the metropole. This article concludes that policies and ideas of European Settlement cannot be dissociated from the anti-urban rhetoric and anti-modernizing agenda of Estado Novo.Show less
Neyer, G.; Thévenon, O.; Digoix, M.; Cortina, C.; Festy, P.; Waaldijk, C.; ... ; Hellgren, Z. 2017
This document summarizes the main findings from the research carried out in Workpackage 9, Policies and Diversity over the Life Course, within the FamiliesAndSocieties project. We present key... Show moreThis document summarizes the main findings from the research carried out in Workpackage 9, Policies and Diversity over the Life Course, within the FamiliesAndSocieties project. We present key results from our studies (1) on policies directed to young people at the transition to adulthood and self-sufficient living, (2) on preferences, usage, and consequences of parental-leave and fathers’ leave policies on family dynamics; (3) on the legal family formats for same-sex and/or different-sex couples in European countries, (4) on the emergence of private markets and issues of migration and care, and (5) on European Union family-policy initiatives. In our summary, we focus on policy-relevant findings and in particular on those of broader implications for policies, policy directions, and policy design in Europe at large. In concluding we summarize some of the core policy implications of our studies.See also www.familiesandsocieties.eu and www.lawsandfamilies.eu. Show less
This dissertation studies the indigenous Mexican game of pelota mixteca. In the first part, the possible pre-Columbian origins of the game are examined. The second part focuses on the ways... Show more This dissertation studies the indigenous Mexican game of pelota mixteca. In the first part, the possible pre-Columbian origins of the game are examined. The second part focuses on the ways in which 20th- and 21st-century globalization, labor migration and state politics of indigenism have influenced the way the game is represented and used in political discourse, both by the state and by the players itself. Show less
Dit proefschrift onderzoekt de waarde van CT om de resultaten van cochleaire implantatie te evalueren en zo mogelijk te verbeteren. Hoofdstuk 2 beschrijft de elektrodepositie en het opvallend goede... Show moreDit proefschrift onderzoekt de waarde van CT om de resultaten van cochleaire implantatie te evalueren en zo mogelijk te verbeteren. Hoofdstuk 2 beschrijft de elektrodepositie en het opvallend goede spraakverstaan na herimplantatie met hetzelfde implantaat bij 15 patiënten met een defecte CI door een productiefout. Hoofdstuk 3 toonde retrospectief in 10 van de 35 patiënten (29%), waarbij twee sequentieel verkregen postoperatieve CT-scans beschikbaar waren, elektrodemigraties aan. Deze kunnen blijkbaar ook voorkomen in CI-patiënten zonder klachten van bijvoorbeeld een verminderd spraakverstaan. In Hoofdstuk 4 wordt aan de hand van pre- en postoperatieve CT scans van 336 patiënten de cochleaire morfologie en diens invloed op de elektrodepositie onderzocht. In Hoofdstuk 5 wordt een chirurgisch sturingshulpmiddel ontwikkeld dat in zijn finale vorm ruim 78% van de variatie in elektrodepositie kan voorspellen. In Hoofdstuk 6 kon geen enkele relatie aangetoond worden tussen diverse aspecten van de elektrodepositie op spraakverstaan met CI. Wel werd de invloed van verscheidene uit de literatuur bekende patiënt-gerelateerde variabelen op spraakverstaan herbevestigd. De algemene conclusie is, dat met CT-scans zowel de cochleaire anatomie als de positie van CI-elektrodes goed kan worden bestudeerd, maar dat de relatie tussen deze informatie en het resultaat van CI vooralsnog onduidelijk blijft. Show less
Archaeologists have regarded social networks as both the links through which people transmitted information and goods as well as a form of social storage creating relationships that could be drawn... Show moreArchaeologists have regarded social networks as both the links through which people transmitted information and goods as well as a form of social storage creating relationships that could be drawn upon in times of subsistence shortfalls or other deleterious environmental conditions. In this article, formal social network analytical (SNA) methods are applied to archaeological data from the late pre-Hispanic North American Southwest to look at what kinds of social networks characterized those regions that were the most enduring versus those that were depopulated over a 250-year period (A.D. 1200–1450). In that time, large areas of the Southwest were no longer used for residential purposes, some of which corresponds with well-documented region-wide drought. Past research has demonstrated that some population levels could have been maintained in these regions, yet regional scale depopulation occurred. We look at the degree to which the network level property of embeddedness, along with population size, can help to explain why some regions were depopulated and others were not. SNA can help archaeologists examine why emigration occurred in some areas following an environmental crisis while other areas continued to be inhabited and even received migrants. Moreover, we modify SNA techniques to take full advantage of the time depth and spatial and demographic variability of our archaeological data set. The results of this study should be of interest to those who seek to understand human responses to past, present, and future worldwide catastrophes since it is now widely recognized that responses to major human disasters, such as hurricanes, were “likely to be shaped by pre-existing or new social networks” (as reported by Suter et al. (Research and Policy Review 28:1–10, 2009)). Show less
The study looks at the experience of railway development in the countryside between Kano and Zaria. It looks at the ways the inhabitants perceived, appropriated and domesticated the railroad and... Show moreThe study looks at the experience of railway development in the countryside between Kano and Zaria. It looks at the ways the inhabitants perceived, appropriated and domesticated the railroad and how their lives were transformed by it. The communities are located in the two Hausa states of Kano and Zaria. Situated strategically on trade routes and the rail line, all the communities with the exception of one were nineteenth century creations. They became significantly important with the construction and operation of the railway in the twentieth century. The railway as the study argued was the most important innovation which transformed the communities from almost nothing to economically significant center's on the rail line. It played a critical role in their social, economic and cultural life much more than previously recognized. The railway is also a double edge sword. It opened many frontiers of opportunities and at the same time indirectly endangered many. It also bread crimes and provided platforms for criminals to operate. The impact of the railway, as the study severally demonstrates differs between the communities. Show less
Dit boek gaat over de relatie tussen de Marokkaanse overheid en Marokkaanse Nederlanders. Het perspectief van Marokkaanse Nederlanders staat hierin centraal. Wat zijn hun percepties over,... Show moreDit boek gaat over de relatie tussen de Marokkaanse overheid en Marokkaanse Nederlanders. Het perspectief van Marokkaanse Nederlanders staat hierin centraal. Wat zijn hun percepties over, ervaringen met en reacties op de zogenaamde ‘lange arm’ van Marokko?De Marokkaanse overheid voert actief beleid om banden te onderhouden met Marokkaanse Nederlanders; er is een Marokkaans ministerie van Marokkanen in het Buitenland, Stichting Hassan II organiseert zomerreizen naar Marokko en de overheid heeft programma’s om investeerders met een Marokkaanse achtergrond te begeleiden bij ondernemingen in Marokko. Deze relatie is in Nederland onderwerp van discussie, omdat ze als problematisch wordt ervaren. Er bestaat maatschappelijke en politieke onrust over dubbele nationaliteiten en het contact tussen burgers en een vreemde overheid.De Nederlandse discussie richt zich voornamelijk op het optreden van de Marokkaanse overheid. Er is opvallend weinig aandacht voor wat de Marokkaanse Nederlanders hiervan merken en wat zij hiermee doen. Marokkaanse Nederlanders blijven uit beeld of worden voorgesteld als enigszins weerloze ontvangers van de boodschappen en belangen die de Marokkaanse overheid over ze uitspreidt. Dit boek laat zien dat dit beeld onvolledig is: voor de daadwerkelijke uitvoering van het Marokkaanse overheidsbeleid vervullen Marokkaanse Nederlanders zelf een cruciale rol Show less
This dissertation examines the memory cultures of Netherlandish migrants who left their homes during the Dutch Revolt (ca. 1568-1648) and the religious persecutions preceding it. It shows how... Show moreThis dissertation examines the memory cultures of Netherlandish migrants who left their homes during the Dutch Revolt (ca. 1568-1648) and the religious persecutions preceding it. It shows how narratives of exile and victimhood were transmitted between generations and cultivated in various social and religious settings until the eighteenth century. The consciousness of a shared past connected Netherlandish diaspora groups all over Europe and at the same time provided them with models of identification with their various local host societies. Integration into the various host societies in Germany, England and the Dutch Republic did not inhibit the commemoration of the refugee past, but led to an incorporation of exile narrative into new memory canons. New generations could often benefit from identifying with the fate of persecuted ancestors, especially in pietist and puritan circles in Germany and England. Having suffered for one’s faith served as a proof of religious steadfastness and the identification with the persecuted ‘small flock of true Christians’ appealed to many pietists without a migrant background. Exile narratives were increasingly shared by migrants and non-migrants and allowed individuals to participate in cultures of religious exclusivity Show less
Many of the recognition molecules and mechanisms involved in immune responses have no bias towards external stimuli, but also sense and respond to pathological and physiological changes of non... Show moreMany of the recognition molecules and mechanisms involved in immune responses have no bias towards external stimuli, but also sense and respond to pathological and physiological changes of non infectious origin taking place within the body. Aiming at defining potential immuno-therapeutic strategies to treat human atherosclerosis, the focus of this work was the modulation of immune processes determinant of atherosclerosis lesion progression or cessation in mice, such as hematopoiesis, diapedesis and intravasation, leukocyte differentiation, cholesterol uptake apoptosis and cell survival. Modulation of these processes, by using bone marrow transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells with genetic deficiencies or over-expressing human or mouse engineered genes, demonstrated to alter the fate of atherosclerotic lesions at the balance between macrophage accumulation and lesion vulnerability versus resolution of inflammation and wound healing. This thesis demonstrates that processes responsible for the development and progression of atherosclerosis are dynamic and can be modulated to induce lesion stabilization and disease resolution. These results are promising for the development of novel therapeutics and challenge the current notion that atherosclerosis has a predetermined fate towards lesion vulnerability to rupture, which in humans results in thrombosis and clinical manifestations such myocardial infarction or stroke and sudden death. Show less
In dit proefschrift heb ik onderzocht wat de klinische waarde is van migratie van totale knie protheses (TKP) en totale heup protheses (THP) gemeten met Radiostereometrische Analyse (RSA)in de... Show moreIn dit proefschrift heb ik onderzocht wat de klinische waarde is van migratie van totale knie protheses (TKP) en totale heup protheses (THP) gemeten met Radiostereometrische Analyse (RSA)in de context van een gefaseerde klinische introductie. De studies in dit proefschrift tonen aan dat onveilige (hoog revisie percentage voor loslating) TKP en THP met RSA studies kunnen worden ge_dentificeerd in slechts 2 jaar follow-up. Vroege identificatie met RSA van deze onveilige TKP en THP voorkomt wijdverbreide gebruik. De gefaseerde klinische introductie van nieuwe implantaten op basis van RSA studies met 2 jaar follow-up kan leiden tot betere en veiligere pati_ntzorg en tot een reductie van de kosten in de zorg ten gevolge van revisie van TKP en THP. Follow-up in nationale implantaten registers is noodzakelijk om de resultaten van de implantaten te blijven vervolgen, nadat deze op de markt zijn gekomen. Show less
Postcolonial migrants form the largest migrant groups in the Netherlands in the period 1945-2000. The leading question of this study was by whom, when and why discursive strategies were used in... Show morePostcolonial migrants form the largest migrant groups in the Netherlands in the period 1945-2000. The leading question of this study was by whom, when and why discursive strategies were used in political and public debates on the inclusion or exclusion of postcolonial migrants. Which factors influenced the use of these strategies? Approximately 7.000 newspaper articles (mostly non-digitalized) were used, as were political debates, television broadcasts and novels. By the metaphors, arguments, terminology and words that were used in these debates, we can try to grapple with how these postcolonial migrant groups were perceived in the Netherlands. This influenced the government policies that were formulated. The actors that participated in the debates differed per group and period. Especially pressure groups and journalists were successful in changing or justifying policy. Postcolonial migrant groups are especially interesting in this sense as there were discussions on both their juridical and discursive citizenship. These discussions show that not only juridical citizenship is pivotal to admittance, but the discursive citizenship is equally, if not more, important. The second reason to study these groups is that it is also possible to branch out into premigratory influences on admittance, integration and policy making Show less
