This study explores contexts of disorder and crisis, in which criminal actors gain legitimacy. By affirming that criminal groups are already social agents, this research argues that they gain... Show moreThis study explores contexts of disorder and crisis, in which criminal actors gain legitimacy. By affirming that criminal groups are already social agents, this research argues that they gain political legitimacy to the extent that criminal groups engage in an authority-building process. Thus, it focuses on two instances in which criminal groups launched campaigns— or at least engaged in planned activities— in order to gain political and social legitimacy. La Familia Michoacana (LFM) and Los Caballeros Templarios (LCT) de Michoacán in Mexico, on the one hand, and Cosa Nostra (CN) in Italy, on the other, offer rich and instructive cases to examine. Precisely, the research asks for how these groups seek to forge legitimacy, as well as for what are their strategies for that purpose. The research opens two avenues of conceptual discussion. Show less
Ceramic Technology and “Cultural Borders”. The Example of Ceramic Decoration Techniques of two Postclassic Sites from the Malpaís of Zacapu (Mexico): Palacio and Malpaís Prieto Technical behaviors... Show moreCeramic Technology and “Cultural Borders”. The Example of Ceramic Decoration Techniques of two Postclassic Sites from the Malpaís of Zacapu (Mexico): Palacio and Malpaís Prieto Technical behaviors within the ceramic operating sequences may reflect sociocultural identities. Investigation of techniques, gestures, and know-how helps us to estimate whether the changes observed from one period to the other are endogenous (cultural evolution of the local traditions) or related to population changes. At the Malpaís of Zacapu, we use Postclassic ceramics to assess the possible arrival of a group of migrants in the thirteenth century. We aim to understand whether there is technological continuity between the Palacio (AD 900‑1200) and the Milpillas (AD 1200‑1450) phases. This study focuses on one aspect of the operating sequence: the decoration. The technological analysis discussed here highlights differences in the ceramic production between these two phases. These data support information from ethnohistoric sources that a new group of people arrived in the region during the thirteenth century. Show less