The Rifa‘i tariqa in Macedonia was founded in the early nineteenth century as a predominantly Turkish order. Following waves of emigration, the brotherhood only continued to exist because of the... Show moreThe Rifa‘i tariqa in Macedonia was founded in the early nineteenth century as a predominantly Turkish order. Following waves of emigration, the brotherhood only continued to exist because of the massive interest of the Roma, who now dominate its ranks. In word and image, this article aims to capture the tumultuous history and dynamic rituals that characterize Sufism in Macedonia. Show less