This dissertation focuses on the development of children in family foster care and examines which characteristics related to the foster child, the foster family, and the foster placement are... Show moreThis dissertation focuses on the development of children in family foster care and examines which characteristics related to the foster child, the foster family, and the foster placement are associated with foster children’s development. We used meta-analysis and longitudinal research to provide a better insight in foster children’s development. In sum, this dissertation clarifies that foster children vary greatly with respect to their developmental functioning. We found several characteristics related to foster children’s development. Although these characteristics partly explain foster children’s development and thereby provide useful insights, they cannot explain the total variance in foster children’s development. It is both this lack of an accurate model for foster children’s development and the heterogeneity of developmental trajectories that lend significance to screening and monitoring of foster children’s development. We advise foster care agencies to systematically implement screening and monitoring measures in order to capture foster children’s developmental diversity. This enables timely identification of those foster children who experience developmental difficulties and are therefore at risk for negative developmental trajectories and breakdown. Researchers and foster care professionals should establish collaborations in order to improve the validity as well as the feasibility of screening and monitoring children in foster care. Show less
This thesis describes a study on neuropsychiatric symptoms in Huntington’s Disease (HD). This cohort study was performed in HD mutation carriers (both pre-motor symptomatic and motor symptomatic),... Show moreThis thesis describes a study on neuropsychiatric symptoms in Huntington’s Disease (HD). This cohort study was performed in HD mutation carriers (both pre-motor symptomatic and motor symptomatic), and a control group of non-carriers that had an a-priori 50% risk for HD. The study started in may 2004 and a second measurement was performed 2 years later. The aim of this study was to study the presence and course of both formal psychiatric disorders and neuropsychiatric symptoms, and to find correlates and predictors associated with the psychiatric phenomena. This cohort study confirms that neuropsychiatric symptoms frequently occur in patients with HD. We expected a diminished insight in patients with a neuropsychiatric symptoms like irritability, but most patients were aware of their irritability. A strong relationship was found between the presence of psychopathology, cognitive functioning and global daily functioning. Irritability may be an early sign of the disease, but only apathy was closely related to the progression of HD indicating a relationship with the progressive neurodegenerative nature of the disease. However, we also found associations with apathy and irritability, and the use of psychotropic medications. Show less
Moller, C.; Hafkemeijer, A.; Pijnenburg, Y.A.L.; Rombouts, S.A.R.B.; Grond, J. van der; Dopper, E.; ... ; Flier, W.M. van der 2016
This thesis aimed to investigate the neurobiological mechanisms of adolescent onset depression and anxiety disorders. A longitudinal fMRI study design was used that included both task related brain... Show moreThis thesis aimed to investigate the neurobiological mechanisms of adolescent onset depression and anxiety disorders. A longitudinal fMRI study design was used that included both task related brain activation and resting state functional connectivity. All participants were scanned three times in a six-month period. In between scan sessions the adolescents from the clinical group received treatment as usual. Adolescents from the control group were scanned within the same time interval but did not receive treatment. During a scan session several MRI parameters were collected including task based fMRI (emotional face processing task) and resting state fMRI. We also administered several questionnaires about derpession and anxiety symptomatology. It was demonstrated that adolescents with depressive and anxiety disorders show differentiating patterns of amygdala reactivity and connectivity compared to a healthy control group. Furthermore, using a dimensional approach and taking individual differences in self-reported depression and anxiety symptoms into account highlighted the role of self-reported anxiety symptoms in amygdala reactivity during emotional faces processing. These findings indicate that the amygdala indeed is an important region involved in emotional face processing and that focusing on this region can provide further insights in the development and persistence of depressive and anxiety disorders in adolescents. Show less
We examined the development of international adoptees from infancy to young adulthood, and factors influencing developmental outcomes in middle childhood, adolescence and young adulthood. The... Show moreWe examined the development of international adoptees from infancy to young adulthood, and factors influencing developmental outcomes in middle childhood, adolescence and young adulthood. The results for cognitive development (Chapter 2) showed that early malnutrition influenced cognitive and health-related outcomes, but its consequences did not extend to socioeconomic success later in life. The human brain seems capable of adapting to changing environmental influences, but earlier placement in a positive family environment should be preferred (see also Chapter 1). The adoptees in the Leiden Longitudinal Adoption Study were exposed to few adversities due to their early adoptive placement, and the combination with the nurturing environment of a permanent adoptive family resulted in positive cognitive and socio-emotional outcomes (Chapters 2 and 3). Our results for longitudinal (sensitivity) and concurrent relations (reactivity to infant crying) with attachment representations in young adulthood (Chapters 3 and 4) clearly point to this role of the family environment in predicting social-emotional outcomes. High parenting quality is important, also in families where children do not share a common genetic basis with their parents. In sum, adoption can be seen as a positive intervention and the (adoptive) family environment matters for children growing up from infants to young adults. Show less
Veen, P.H. van der; Muller, M.; Vincken, K.L.; Witkamp, T.D.; Mali, W.P.T.M.; Graaf, Y. van der; ... ; SMART-MR Study Grp 2014
