In the Netherlands, children receive within the National Vaccination Program, 14 injections against 12 diseases. This number will only increase in the future. Since needles and syringes have... Show moreIn the Netherlands, children receive within the National Vaccination Program, 14 injections against 12 diseases. This number will only increase in the future. Since needles and syringes have several drawbacks, such as needle stick injuries and needle fear, alternatives have been assessed to deliver vaccines. The aim of the thesis was to identify and evaluate methods suitable for minimally invasive delivery of vaccines in order to become more flexible in complex pediatric immunization programs. Access to these delivery methods would facilitateincorporation of new vaccines in the program. Three alternatives are assessed in this thesis: -Bioneedles for s.c delivery -Elastic vesicles for topical application -Liquid jet injector for i.d delivery Show less
