This book examines the issuance of mining licenses in Indonesia from an environmental perspective. It shows how mining licensing has directly contributed to environmental degradation and how... Show moreThis book examines the issuance of mining licenses in Indonesia from an environmental perspective. It shows how mining licensing has directly contributed to environmental degradation and how consecutive governments have failed to take effective action addressing this problem. The main cause is the low quality of the relevant laws and policies, which is mostly a result of the priority law- and policymakers accord to mining development and a lack of interest in and knowledge about solving environmental problems. This situation has been exacerbated by a lack of public participation and bureaucratic “siloism”: government agencies often develop their own policies and regulations without efforts at co-ordination with other relevant government agencies. Only in a few cases have there been better results, when government agencies developing a policy had a strong interest in its implementation, when their officials disposed of adequate expertise, and when there was a favourable national political situation. Unfortunately, these conditions have rarely been present in Indonesia. Show less
This book is about postcolonial memory in the Netherlands. This term refers to conflicts in contemporary society about how the colonial past should be remembered. The question is often: who has the... Show moreThis book is about postcolonial memory in the Netherlands. This term refers to conflicts in contemporary society about how the colonial past should be remembered. The question is often: who has the right or ability to tell their stories and who do not? In other words: who has a voice, and who is silenced? As such, these conflicts represent a wider tendency in cultural theory and activism to use voice as a metaphor for empowerment and silence as voice’s negative counterpart, signifying powerlessness. And yet, there are voices that do not liberate us from, but rather subject us to power. Meanwhile, silence can be powerful: it can protect, disrupt and reconfigure. Throughout this book, it will become clear how voice and silence function not as each other’s opposites, but as each other’s continuation, and that postcolonial memory is articulated through the interplay of meaningful voices and meaningful silences. Show less
In Empire's Violent End, Thijs Brocades Zaalberg and Bart Luttikhuis, along with expert contributors, present comparative research focused specifically on excessive violence in Indonesia, Algeria,...Show moreIn Empire's Violent End, Thijs Brocades Zaalberg and Bart Luttikhuis, along with expert contributors, present comparative research focused specifically on excessive violence in Indonesia, Algeria, Vietnam, Malaysia, Kenya, and other areas during the wars of decolonization. In the last two decades, there have been heated public and scholarly debates in France, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands on the violent end of empire. Nevertheless, the broader comparative investigations into colonial counterinsurgency tend to leave atrocities such as torture, execution, and rape in the margins. The editors describe how such comparisons mostly focus on the differences by engaging in "guilt ranking." Moreover, the dramas that have unfolded in Algeria and Kenya tend to overshadow similar violent events in Indonesia, the very first nation to declare independence directly after World War II.Empire's Violent End is the first book to place the Dutch-Indonesian case at the heart of a comparison with focused, thematic analysis on a diverse range of topics to demonstrate that despite variation in scale, combat intensity, and international dynamics, there were more similarities than differences in the ways colonial powers used extreme forms of violence. By delving into the causes and nature of the abuse, Brocades Zaalberg and Luttikhuis conclude that all cases involved some form of institutionalized impunity, which enabled the type of situation in which the forces in the service of the colonial rulers were able to use extreme violence. Show less
Worldwide, the legalisation of customary land rights has become a strategy for resolving land conflicts between local communities with companies and state agencies. In Indonesia, NGOs have been... Show moreWorldwide, the legalisation of customary land rights has become a strategy for resolving land conflicts between local communities with companies and state agencies. In Indonesia, NGOs have been promoting that strategy through campaigns for changing the legislation and directly assisting adat communities in concrete cases of land conflicts. However, success has been limited.Using a socio-legal research method, this book demonstrates the complexity of the legal recognition process of customary land rights in land dispute settings. It shows how the state legal framework deliberately repressed customary land rights over time, from the colonial period to the present. Detailed case studies also reveal competing interests among community members and their changing strategies in facing land conflicts. Finally, the book explores what happened in practice after communities did obtain legal recognition and whether that indeed solved their land problems.This dissertation invites indigenous rights activists and scholars to rethink the efficacy of the legal recognition strategy in using customary land rights claims as a solution to land conflicts. Show less
Sigit, F.S.; Trompet, S.; Tahapary, D.L.; Harbuwono, D.S.; Cessie, S. le; Rosendaal, F.R.; Mutsert, R. de 2022
In this study, we aimed to investigate differences in lifestyle factors and prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the Indonesian population between 2013 and 2018. In addition, we investigated... Show moreIn this study, we aimed to investigate differences in lifestyle factors and prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the Indonesian population between 2013 and 2018. In addition, we investigated whether adherence to the 2015-released national healthy lifestyle guideline ('GERMAS') is associated with MetS in different sex, age, urban/rural, and BMI categories. We performed cross-sectional analyses in individuals aged > 15 of the 2013 (n = 34,274) and 2018 (n = 33,786) Indonesian National Health Surveys. A stratified, multi-stage, systematic random sampling design and the probability proportional to size method were used to select households in the 34 provinces across the country. MetS was defined according to the Joint Interim Statement Criteria, and adherence to 'GERMAS' guideline was defined as fulfilling the national healthy lifestyle recommendations of > 150 min/ week physical activity (PA), > 5 portions/day fruit and vegetable (FV), no smoking (NS), and no alcohol consumption (NA). We examined the associations of each lifestyle factor with MetS using logistic regression categorised by sex, age groups, urban/rural, and BMI, and adjusted for sociodemographic factors. We observed that men who adhered to the guideline had lower odds ratio of MetS [OR(95%CI) associated with PA: 0.85 (0.75-0.97); NA: 0.75(0.56-1.00)] than non-adherent men. Middle-aged adults who adhered to the guideline had lower OR of MetS [PA: 0.85(0.72-1.01); FV: 0.78(0.62-0.99); NA: 0.66(0.46-0.93)] than non-adherent adults < 45 years. The adherent urban population had lower OR of MetS [FV: 0.85(0.67-1.07); NA: 0.74(0.52-1.07)] than the non-adherent urban population. Those with overweight or obesity who adhered to the guideline had relatively lower odds of MetS than those who did not. In conclusion, in this nationally representative study, adherence to the 'GERMAS' guideline may confer cardiometabolic health benefits to several groups of the Indonesian population, particularly men, middle-aged, those with overweight and obesity, and potentially urban population. Show less
Within the framework of a larger debate on literary history and censorship studies, this research delves deeper into the role of literature in narrating Indonesia’s bleakest pages of history,... Show moreWithin the framework of a larger debate on literary history and censorship studies, this research delves deeper into the role of literature in narrating Indonesia’s bleakest pages of history, namely the events of 1965-66 and the mass killings that followed. The historical legacy of the events was a matter of grave contention within Indonesia and to speak directly and write with honesty about them could become fraught with danger. Throughout most of the 1970s, creative literature in Indonesia was almost totally silent on the background and meaning of the killings of 1965-66, the very specific topic that did not collocate with the values of the authoritarian New Order regime. The aftermath in the lives of individuals who witnessed this tragedy was also skipped over in Indonesian literature. In addition, the traumatic nature of the experience seemed to have been expunged from the memories of witnesses and inhibited a wider group of people from talking. However, against all odds, a few literary authors spoke up and openly addressed this theme in their novels. They were even sympathetic in portraying the victims even though the regime was at the height of its power and exerting maximum social and political control through rampant censorship. In this regard, this dissertation addresses the broader question about what this case of literary production tells us about the nature of censorship under the New Order. Show less
Overweight and obesity are abnormal or excessive body fat accumulation that presents a risk to health. The World Health Organisation defines overweight and obesity with the Body Mass Index (BMI)... Show moreOverweight and obesity are abnormal or excessive body fat accumulation that presents a risk to health. The World Health Organisation defines overweight and obesity with the Body Mass Index (BMI) classification, which is a measure of a person’s weight in kilograms (kg) divided by the square of height in meters (m2). Overweight is defined as a BMI of 25 kg/m2 or higher, whereas obesity is defined as a BMI of 30 kg/m2 or higher. It is estimated that one of every three individuals in the global population has overweight. The prevalence of obesity is increased threefold from 1975 to 2016, with a faster-growing pace in low- and middle-income countries than high-income countries. One common complication of obesity is the metabolic syndrome, which is defined as the co-occurrence of at least three out of five cardiometabolic abnormalities (abdominal obesity, hypertension, hyperglycaemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and low HDL-cholesterol). The metabolic syndrome is a strong risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, and is considered a pathway from obesity to the cardiometabolic diseases occurrence. Thus, if metabolic syndrome or its components are identified and treated early, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases may be prevented. In this multi-ethnic global population, it is well-established that different ethnic populations have different cardiometabolic risks. Studies have shown that Asian populations develop cardiometabolic complications earlier at the same amount of adiposity as the Western populations. Show less
Horst, Sander van der; Lammers, Linde; Maanen, Melle van 2022
Four years of protracted negotiations and bitter warfare passed between the declaration of Indonesian independence on 17 August, 1945, and the official transfer of sovereignty on 27 December, 1949.... Show moreFour years of protracted negotiations and bitter warfare passed between the declaration of Indonesian independence on 17 August, 1945, and the official transfer of sovereignty on 27 December, 1949. Whereas the newly proclaimed Republic of Indonesia rejected the colonial regime and hence any attempt at ‘recolonization’ by the Dutch after the Japanese occupation (1942-1945), the Dutch framed their return to the archipelago as a mission to restore ‘order and peace’. Images of the Indonesian War. Many of these materials, alongside photographs and oral history collections, ended up in the collections of the KITLV and eventually the Leiden University Libraries. This trilingual (English, Dutch and Indonesian) catalogue accompanies a digital exhibition of some fifty unique items. The selection made demonstrates the sharply contrasting perspectives on the legitimacy of the Republic and Dutch colonialism, and also offers first-hand testimonies of a bitter war with a huge imbalance of casualties. Show less
This ethnographic book deals with the emergence of the Wali Pitu (seven saints) tradition and Muslim pilgrimage in Bali, Indonesia. It touches upon the issues of translocal connectivity between... Show moreThis ethnographic book deals with the emergence of the Wali Pitu (seven saints) tradition and Muslim pilgrimage in Bali, Indonesia. It touches upon the issues of translocal connectivity between Java and Bali, Islam-Hindu relationship, relations between Muslim groups, and questions of authority and authenticity of saint worship tradition. It offers a new perspective on Bali, seeing the island as a site of cultural motion straddling in between Islam and Hinduism with complexities of local figurations, and belongings of ‘Muslim Balinese’. The study also urges the intricate relationship between religion and tourism, between devotion and economy, and shows that the Wali Pitu tradition has facilitated the transgression of spatial and cultural boundaries. Show less
Afscheidscollege van Prof. dr. Gert J. Oostindie Directeur van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde (KITLV-KNAW) Hoogleraar Koloniale en Postkoloniale Geschiedenis aan de... Show moreAfscheidscollege van Prof. dr. Gert J. Oostindie Directeur van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde (KITLV-KNAW) Hoogleraar Koloniale en Postkoloniale Geschiedenis aan de Universiteit Leiden uitgesproken op vrijdag 17 december 2021 Show less
This dissertation is about the broadcasting of dakwah on Indonesian TV stations. It deals with the production and circulation of dakwah programmes on TV and elucidates the social and educational... Show moreThis dissertation is about the broadcasting of dakwah on Indonesian TV stations. It deals with the production and circulation of dakwah programmes on TV and elucidates the social and educational backgrounds of popular TV preachers in order to understand the rise of the programmes in post-Suharto Indonesia. Furthermore, this dissertation discusses the competition among various Muslim organisations to influence the production of dakwah programmes and the formation of religious authority through the broadcasting of dakwah programmes on TV channels. This dissertation is based on one-year ethnographic fieldwork in Jakarta, Medan, and Bali, which includes observations and interviews with the producers, preachers, and audiences of dakwah programmes, Muslim leaders, and members of Indonesian Broadcasting Commission (KPI). This dissertation shows the important role of TV in the construction of religious authority, which becomes more fragmented in Muslim societies like in Indonesia partly because of televised dakwah. Most of the current researches on dakwah activities focus mainly on social media like Facebook, YouTube, and Instagram but neglect the role of other media like TV. In fact, TV still plays an important role in daily activities of Indonesian society with its programmes. Muslims watch TV programmes such as dakwah, news, soap operas, talk and reality shows during their leisure and busy time. Muslim leaders make use of TV to disseminate their teachings and enhance their charisma among Muslim audiences. Presidential candidates and political leaders use TV stations to promote their political agendas to gain supports from the society. Show less
This thesis discusses the ways in which local officials deal with the tensions concerning regulations on Muslim marriage and social practices that emerge as a response to such regulations. By... Show moreThis thesis discusses the ways in which local officials deal with the tensions concerning regulations on Muslim marriage and social practices that emerge as a response to such regulations. By looking at the implementation of legal norms on marriage, the functioning of marriage bureaucracy and the people's attitudes towards state recognition of marriage in the local setting, this thesis suggests that Indonesia is experiencing a continuing process of the penetration of state law into society. At the law-making level, instead of reforming the substance of the marriage law, which would only stir up controversy and debates, the government has used a citizens’ rights approach to control marriage practice. This citizens’ rights approach is helpful in guiding people towards compliance with the state legal framework.Furthermore, the central state is also endeavouring to remove all forms of informality from the procedures involved. Nevertheless, in practice, it seems it is an uphill battle to reduce informal intervention. In the end, the willingness of the state officials to give a less than strict interpretation of legal rules is key to guaranteeing the functioning of the state law and will be good for the legal development of Indonesia in the future. Show less
Between 1966 and 1980, the War History Office of the National Defense College of Japan (now the Center for Military History of the National Institute for Defense Studies) published the 102-volume... Show moreBetween 1966 and 1980, the War History Office of the National Defense College of Japan (now the Center for Military History of the National Institute for Defense Studies) published the 102-volume Senshi Sōsho (War History Series). The present book completes the trilogy of English translations of the sections in the Senshi Sōsho series on the Japanese operations against the former Dutch East Indies (Indonesia). The first volume (The Invasion of the Dutch East Indies, 2015) details the army operations, the second volume (The Operations of the Navy in the Dutch East Indies and the Bay of Bengal, 2018) the navy operations, and this third volume the army air force operations. The three volumes provide an unparalleled insight into the Japanese campaign to capture Southeast Asia and the oil fields in the Indonesian archipelago in what was at that time the largest transoceanic landing operation in the military history of the world. It was also the first time in history that air power was employed with devastating effect over such enormous distances, posing complex technical and logistical problems. Show less
This thesis presents the systematics, epidermal defense, and bioprospecting of wild orchids. I mainly targeted Indonesian orchids, with particular emphasis on the genus Glomera with 169 species.... Show moreThis thesis presents the systematics, epidermal defense, and bioprospecting of wild orchids. I mainly targeted Indonesian orchids, with particular emphasis on the genus Glomera with 169 species. Four main challenges of this group of orchids were tackled. First of all, a web-based multilingual interactive key of Glomera, one of the lesser-known genera in the horticulturally popular necklace orchids, was constructed. This key simplifies species identification for further taxonomic revisions by both specialists and amateur orchid enthusiasts. Secondly, identification of non-flowering Glomera specimens in botanical gardens was sped up by producing DNA barcodes of herbarium preserved flowering type specimens. These DNA barcodes were matched with data obtained from vegetative fresh plants. Thirdly, improving protection of orchids in botanic gardens and nature reserves against herbivory was investigated. Centrifuge and feeding experiments showed that leaf trichomes and wax layers reduce both the adhesion and appetite of herbivorous snails. Lastly, bioprospecting was explored to help financing the maintenance of orchid collections in botanical gardens and protection of nature reserves. For this, traditional medicinal use was compiled from the literature and plotted on a molecular phylogeny. Potential clades with high antimicrobial potential were traced by employing two different methods: organ targeted and biological response based. The latter proved to be more effective. The research presented in this thesis provides new approaches to improve identification, protection against herbivory, and bioprospecting of wild orchids cultivated in botanical gardens and preserved in nature reserves. Show less
This study gives a comprehensive account of the public prosecutor’s role in post-authoritarian Indonesia, both in promoting the rule of law and in maintaining the political status quo. It traces... Show moreThis study gives a comprehensive account of the public prosecutor’s role in post-authoritarian Indonesia, both in promoting the rule of law and in maintaining the political status quo. It traces the development of the Indonesian prosecution service, historically and politically, exploring what and who influences its performance, as well as how public prosecutors work in practice.This research is a socio-legal study of the criminal justice system. It contributes to a number of broader debates about post-authoritarian public prosecutors and their role in promoting the rule of law. By combining criminal law, criminology, political science and anthropological theory, it provides an important framework for the analysis and critique of conditions for, impacts of, and possibilities for prosecution services in post-authoritarian countries.The case of Indonesia constitutes an example of the way in which prosecution services evolve in countries marked by authoritarian tendencies. It shows how various regimes position public prosecutors as ‘justice postmen’, who deliver cases based on the government’s interests, as well as on the interests of other powerful actors, such as political parties, companies, or the police force. Such situations are commonly seen in authoritarian countries, where the executive dominates political power, and public prosecutors have become tools of the government in maintaining political order. Show less
Muchatar, U.; Nugraha, F.M.; Sunjayadi, R.A.; Gustinelly, E.; Manullang, R.D.; Risdiani, R.; Veer, C. van 't 2021
