This dissertation tests the universal suitability of the records continuum model by using two cases from the decolonization of Southeast Asia. The continuum model is a new model of records... Show moreThis dissertation tests the universal suitability of the records continuum model by using two cases from the decolonization of Southeast Asia. The continuum model is a new model of records visualization invented in the 1990s that sees records as free to move throughout four ‘dimensions’ rather than in a linear direction. The first case study is the Djogdja Documenten, which are documents seized from Indonesia by the Dutch military during Indonesia's struggle for independence. The second case is the Migrated Archives. This is a group of records created by the British colonial government and sent to London, where the records were hidden for fifty years. I attempt to place each case on the continuum model, mapping each action to a corresponding dimension. In the case of the Migrated Archives, the glaring omission from the continuum model of places in between dimensions where records can get trapped or lost is seen. I rectify this through the creation of the shadow continuum. In the shadow continuum records proceed, unseen, through the dimensions of the continuum model. Whether a record is in the shadow continuum or not is based on the existence of 'traces' of its existence in the already publically accessible archive. Show less
Between 1966 and 1980, the War History Office of the National Defense College of Japan (now the Center for Military History of the National Institute for Defense Studies) published the 102-volume... Show moreBetween 1966 and 1980, the War History Office of the National Defense College of Japan (now the Center for Military History of the National Institute for Defense Studies) published the 102-volume Senshi Sōsho (War History Series). These volumes give a detailed account of the operations of the Imperial Japanese Army and the Imperial Japanese Navy during the Second World War. Volume 3 of the series, The Invasion of the Dutch East Indies, describes in depth the campaign to gain control over the Indonesian archipelago – at that time the largest transoceanic landing operation in the military history of the world. The present book is the first complete and unabridged translation of a volume from the comprehensive Senshi Sōsho series. It enables military historians and the general public to see and study for the first time how the operation that put an end to Dutch colonial rule in Indonesia was planned and executed. Willem Remmelink was the executive director of the Japan-Netherlands Institute in Tokyo for more than twenty-five years. He is a specialist in Japanese and Indonesian history. Show less
The dissertation analyzes the production of a new elite group in Indonesia, the managers, during the early independence period. Indonesia faced lack of expertise and a government incapable of... Show moreThe dissertation analyzes the production of a new elite group in Indonesia, the managers, during the early independence period. Indonesia faced lack of expertise and a government incapable of managing a national plan. The expansion of the managerial class was the result of the lack of leadership of the political elite, the expansion of tertiary education, the rise of an American-led, international aid structure that provided both expert advisors and scholarship for Indonesian students to study in mostly American universities. This resulted in the import of new ideas that corroborated the strengthening of a managerial or developmental state. These ideas include scientific management and the American modernization theory. These ideas looked at the state executive as the major institution for development. It promoted the military elite to become part of a managerial elite. It also was dismissive of liberal ideas regarding the role of the law and the separation of power. Within this managerial ideology, the state was to function as a corporation. The idea of individual initiative was replaced within a planned system. By analyzing these developments, the thesis wants to show that the foundation of the New Order Developmental State should be traced to this period. Show less
This study discusses the transformation from a colonial into a national economy in Indonesia and Vietnam. It focuses on two intertwined processes of economic decolonization and reconstruction in... Show moreThis study discusses the transformation from a colonial into a national economy in Indonesia and Vietnam. It focuses on two intertwined processes of economic decolonization and reconstruction in the two countries after the Second World War, paying special attention to political and institutional factors involved in these processes. The study demonstrates that, although differences in the political situations resulted in the adoption of divergent strategies, Indonesia and Vietnam were in fact pursuing similar long-term goals, namely: attaining a national independent economy. The Indonesian government was determined to get rid of the economic legacy of Dutch colonialism by placing the whole economy under the strong state control and ownership, in accordance with the spirit of Guided Democracy and Guided Economy in the late 1950s and the early 1960s. This effort resembled much the socialist transformation of North Vietnam in the 1950s and the various means by which the government of South Vietnam concentrated economic power in its hands during the late 1950s and the early 1960s. Show less
Since the 1990s, the number of National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs) has grown rapidly worldwide. NHRIs are widely believed to be able to contribute to the realisation of human rights, by... Show moreSince the 1990s, the number of National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs) has grown rapidly worldwide. NHRIs are widely believed to be able to contribute to the realisation of human rights, by embedding international norms in domestic structures. Promoting Human Rights: National Human Rights Commissions in Indonesia and Malaysia addresses this issue by a comparative analysis of two NHRIs in Southeast Asia. It traces the development of both organisations since their inception, as well as their performance and effectiveness in three case studies regarding the freedom of religion, the right to a fair trial and the right to adequate housing. It reveals that the manner in which NHRIs address human rights issues differs between categories of rights, and that the promotion of international human rights standards is often hampered by the contestation of these norms, both within and outside of the organisation. At the same time, this study highlights some of the contributions the NHRIs have made to the realisation of human rights in challenging circumstances. The author therefore argues that NHRIs play a crucial role in making human rights an integral part of both the state and society. Show less
In this thesis we reported our investigations of the relationship between soil-transmitted helminths (STH) and a number of outcomes, in particular malaria, insulin resistance (a marker for type-2... Show moreIn this thesis we reported our investigations of the relationship between soil-transmitted helminths (STH) and a number of outcomes, in particular malaria, insulin resistance (a marker for type-2 diabetes (T2D)) and atherosclerosis (a marker for cardiovascular diseases (CVD)) on Flores island, Indonesia. In the study on Flores Island, the use of albendazole as a single dose at three monthly intervals decreased helminth infections significantly. However, this intensive deworming could not eliminate helminth infections. Despite no effect on malaria parasitemia and clinical symptoms was found, we noted that in vitro immune responses were improved after albendazole treatment and significant increases in malaria-specific and mitogen-induced tumor necrosis factor and interferon _ cytokine production were observed. We also reported that helminth infections are associated with improved insulin sensitivity and lower risk factors for CVD. A possible approach to confirm our results will be a long-term, well-powered, placebo controlled (adequate) anthelminthic trials to investigate asymptomatic malaria (in area where clinical malaria is highly prevalent); as well as to study whether alleviation of helminthic pressure is inversely correlated with anti-inflammation, lipid levels and insulin sensitivity, and therefore leads to an accelerated development of T2D and CVD. Show less
Rachmadi, L.; Jordanova, E.S.; Kolkman-Uljee, S.; Linden-Narain, I. van der; Purwoto, G.; Siregar, B.; ... ; Veselic, M. 2012
The objective of this thesis was to obtain insight into the processes that play a role in biodiversity patterns of tropical marine species by using marine lakes as a model. Marine lakes are... Show moreThe objective of this thesis was to obtain insight into the processes that play a role in biodiversity patterns of tropical marine species by using marine lakes as a model. Marine lakes are landlocked water bodies that maintain a marine character through narrow submarine connections to the sea. Two regions in Indonesia were studied: Berau (East Kalimantan) and Raja Ampat (West Papua). The following questions were addressed: 1. What are the different types of marine lakes in Indonesia? 2. Are the species assemblages in marine lakes distinct from those in the adjacent coastal environments? 3. To what extent are the populations in the lakes isolated? 4. Can marine lakes in Indonesia be considered natural laboratories of evolution? There is a large diversity in types of marine lakes and many more remain to be documented in Indonesia. The spatial variation in sponge species composition in marine lakes, coastal mangroves and coral reefs show that marine lakes contain three groups of sponge species: (a) widespread species known from various locations in Indo-Pacific reefs, (b) lake species that only occur in lake systems, (c) endemic species restricted to a single lake. The patterns of genetic variation found in the marine lake populations are generally consistent with populations in isolated environments. The lakes appear to be both cradles and refuges of diversity Show less
This dissertation addresses the question of what it means to remake everyday life in the shadow of disaster. Focusing on the city of Banda Aceh, Indonesia, in the years after the devastating Indian... Show moreThis dissertation addresses the question of what it means to remake everyday life in the shadow of disaster. Focusing on the city of Banda Aceh, Indonesia, in the years after the devastating Indian Ocean tsunami of December 26, 2004, it explores how tsunami survivors have been remaking the everyday ever since that moment. Based on ethnographic research in the post-disaster years, the five chapters of this dissertation discuss various dimensions of the remaking of everyday life that were important to the tsunami survivors, including the reconstruction of houses, interactions between survivors, international organizations and the state, the narrative experiences of the tsunami, the process of grieving and its entanglement with Islam, the creation of collective memory and forgetfulness in urban space, and ideas about the future that build on notions of moral and socio-economic improvement. In these chapters the concept of subjectivity is used to show how individuals creatively shape their lives in the context of tremendous social, economic, and political changes. The dissertation concludes that the anthropology of disaster, that has up to now predominantly focused on post-disaster social change and continuity and on structural historical patterns of vulnerability and resilience, can be enriched by ethnographic studies of subjectivity. Show less
In this dissertation we present the results of our research on Helicobacter pylori infections in childhood, focusing on the prevalence, diagnosis and treatment of the infection. Our studies were... Show moreIn this dissertation we present the results of our research on Helicobacter pylori infections in childhood, focusing on the prevalence, diagnosis and treatment of the infection. Our studies were conducted in the Netherlands, Europe and Indonesia. We discuss diagnostic tests, therapeutic regimens, resistance and preventive measurements. We highlight clinical and pathophysiological aspects of the infection and describe which particular strains are prevalent and how transmission occurs. Presently, there are no established correlations between a Helicobacter pylori infection and recurrent abdominal pain, gastroesophageal reflux disease or growth retardation. We present data on the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in young infants in the Netherlands and observe that children with at least one non-Dutch parent form a risk group. We assess risk factors in a Europe-wide study on gastroduodenal erosions and ulcers in childhood. In our study, Helicobacter pylori infection and gastrotoxic medications were relatively little implicated as etiology of that pathology. The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in Indonesian young children is relatively high and points at an early acquisition of the infection. Finally, the resistance of Helicobacter pylori to clarithromycin and metronidazole was assessed for adults and children in the Netherlands. Low resistance rates were found, but the resistance in adults is increasing. We conclude that a test-and-treat regimen is justified for the Netherlands. Show less
The aim of the present study is to examine the transformation of teacher training in Indonesia from 1893 to 1969. Public teacher training altered over time to keep in step with the changing... Show moreThe aim of the present study is to examine the transformation of teacher training in Indonesia from 1893 to 1969. Public teacher training altered over time to keep in step with the changing requirements in public primary school curricula which had been incurred by economic and political factors. In colonial time the government policy was to prepare Indonesian teachers in the Netherlands Indies according to a standard which would gradually be raised so that in the end, they could concur with the level of the training originally designed for their European counterparts. The introduction of the Kweekschoolplan in 1927 heralded the re-organization and transformation of the kweekschool and the Hogere Kweekschool (HKS) into Hollands Inlandse Kweekschool (HIK). Alas, the Great Depression in 1929 dispelled the colonial dream and the Japanese invasion in 1942 completely altered the next chapter in the history of Indonesian society. The post-war period witnessed three essential points: the brain-drain from schools of the Indonesians who had been educated at the HIK; the removal of Dutch from public school; and the influx of American professors to the schools of teacher training. Now the patterns of expectations of teachers in Indonesia drastically changed, but the nature of teacher training remained basically unchanged. This disjunction implies that the transition from colonial to post-colonial State revealed a paradox in which continuity and change were juxtaposed. The switch from the Dutch to the American model of teacher training in the late 1950s reflected a spirit of reform but also created confusion in the Indonesian search for the meaning of independence.The institutional re-organization of teacher training during the 1950s which continued into the 1960s reflected the bigger narrative of Indonesian State formation at the time. Here, the process of regime change displayed the politics of elimination with a startling lack of understanding of historical experience. A dichotomous way of seeing matters, a rigid option of ‘either this or that’ and a perspective which sharply differentiated between ‘we’ and ‘they’ came to the top list of priorities. Show less
Perwitasari, D.A.; Atthobari, J.; Mustofa, M.; Dwiprahasto, I.; Hakimi, M.; Gelderblom, H.; ... ; Kaptein, A.A. 2012
Nausea and vomiting are well known side effects related to chemotherapy. Indeed, nausea and vomiting are the most distressing side effects of chemotherapy in cancer patients. Dopamine, serotonin... Show moreNausea and vomiting are well known side effects related to chemotherapy. Indeed, nausea and vomiting are the most distressing side effects of chemotherapy in cancer patients. Dopamine, serotonin and neurokinin1 are thought to be the neurotransmitters that play role in the pathophysiology of Chemotherapy Induced Nausea Vomiting (CINV). Thus, the antagonists of those neurotransmitters are considered as prophylactic antiemetics for CINV. In the 1990s, the use of 5-Hydroxytriptamine receptor antagonists (5-HT3RAs) highly improved the patients__ response rate to antiemetic drugs. In addition, the combination of a neurokinin 1 antagonist, a 5HT3RA and a corticosteroid can further increase the response rate up by 15% in acute phase and 20% in delayed phase. Thus, the international guideline of clinical oncology recommend this combination as prophylactic antiemetic drugs in the acute phase and a combination of dexamethasone __ metoclopramide as prophylactic antiemetics in the delayed phase. However, when the standard antiemetic drug regimens are administered to patients, there are still 20-30% patients in the acute phase and 40% patients in the delayed phase experiencing CINV. Thus, there is a high interindividual variability in response to antiemetic drugs in oncology patients. Some patient characteristics such as female gender, younger patients and history of alcohol drinking could increase the risk of CINV from 20% to 70%. Therefore, individualizing of the use of antiemetics could start by considering the patient characteristics. This thesis focuses on determining the impact of CINV on QoL in Indonesian cancer patients and optimizing the prevention and treatment of CINV by exploration of pharmacogenetic biomarkers. Show less
This publication provides a set of guiding principles for constitutional reform on the basis of practical experiences of constitutional reform processes in selected countries: Bolivia, Ghana,... Show moreThis publication provides a set of guiding principles for constitutional reform on the basis of practical experiences of constitutional reform processes in selected countries: Bolivia, Ghana, Indonesia, Iraq, Kenya, Malawi, Zimbabwe and South Africa. The focus is on the role of political parties in constitution-building processes. The publication shows that although country-specific reform processes may be unique in terms of objectives, context, popular involvement, and achievements, they go through similar phases: preparatory, consultative, drafting, and implementation. All cases illustrate the political nature of constitutional reform and the central role of political parties in the process. [ASC Leiden abstract] Show less
Today, about 1 billion people are estimated to live in ‘slums’ worldwide. This number will only grow and urban poverty worsen unless radical measures are taken. While it is generally acknowledged... Show moreToday, about 1 billion people are estimated to live in ‘slums’ worldwide. This number will only grow and urban poverty worsen unless radical measures are taken. While it is generally acknowledged in the international development debate that breaking the circle of poverty requires multiple strategies, there is renewed attention for approaches that centre on the issue of tenure security. This means landholders are protected against involuntary removal from the land on which they reside, unless through due process of law and payment of proper compensation. The prevailing approach to the provision of tenure security is land registration. And while the land registration approach currently dominates policy, there has been little research into the effects of registration, particularly in urban areas. What research has been conducted, contests the benefits of this approach. As a result, we witness increasing interest in alternative approaches which generally combine protective administrative or legal measures against eviction with the provision of basic services and credit facilities. The author describes and analyses the extent to which formal, semiformal, and informal tenure arrangements that can be found in kampongs (typical low-income settlements) in Indonesia provide tenure security to the country’s urban poor, particularly since 1998, when Indonesia embarked on an ambitious political and legal reform programme. The author reviews the current legal framework that applies to urban land tenure in Indonesia. In addition, based on rich material that was acquired through empirical research in the city of Bandung, there are a number of case studies presented in which the urban poor’s tenure security was put to the test. Finally, drawing on statistical data, the author analyses the urban poor’s perceptions regarding their tenure security and whether and, if so, how this influences their housing investment behaviour. Following this analysis, the author evaluates the socio-economic benefits of current approaches to attaining tenure security. And with these findings, there are policy suggestions and contributions to theory formation presented to further the current international development debate on tenure security. Show less
