Low-field (B-0 < 0.2 T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is emerging as a low cost, point-of-care alternative to provide access to diagnostic imaging technology even in resource scarce... Show moreLow-field (B-0 < 0.2 T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is emerging as a low cost, point-of-care alternative to provide access to diagnostic imaging technology even in resource scarce environments. MRI magnets can be constructed based on permanent neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) magnets in discretized arrangements, leading to substantially lower mass and costs. A challenge with these designs is, however, a good B-0 field homogeneity, which is needed to produce high quality images free of distortions. In this work, we describe an iterative approach to build a low-field MR magnet based on a B-0-shimming methodology using genetic algorithms. The methodology is tested by constructing a small bore (inner bore diameter = 130 mm) desktop MR magnet (<15 kg) at a field strength of B-0 = 0.1 T and a target volume of 4 cm in diameter. The configuration consists of a base magnet and shim inserts, which can be placed iteratively without modifying the base magnet assembly and without changing the inner dimensions of the bore or the outer dimensions of the MR magnet. Applying the shims, B0 field inhomogeneity could be reduced by a factor 8 from 5,448 to 682 ppm in the target central slice of the magnet. Further improvements of these results can be achieved in a second or third iteration, using more sensitive magnetic field probes (e.g., nuclear magnetic resonance based magnetic field measurements). The presented methodology is scalable to bigger magnet designs. The MR magnet can be reproduced with off-the-shelf components and a 3D printer and no special tools are needed for construction. All design files and code to reproduce the results will be made available as open source hardware. Show less
Vos, B. de; Fuchs, P.; O'Reilly, T.; Webb, A.; Remis, R. 2020
In this article, we design and construct gradient coils for a Halbach permanent-magnet array magnetic resonance (MR) scanner. The target field method, which is widely applied for the case of axial... Show moreIn this article, we design and construct gradient coils for a Halbach permanent-magnet array magnetic resonance (MR) scanner. The target field method, which is widely applied for the case of axial static magnetic fields, has been developed for a transverse static magnetic field as produced by a Halbach permanent-magnet array. Using this method, current densities for three gradient directions are obtained and subsequently verified using a commercial magneto-static solver. Stream functions are used to turn the surface current densities into wire patterns for constructing the gradient coils. The measured fields are in good agreement with simulations and their prescribed target fields. 3-D images have been acquired using the constructed gradient coils with a very low degree of geometric distortion. Show less
