Throughout (pre)history, non-fint rocks have been used to structure freplaces, to retain heat, to boil liquids, and to cook food. Thus far, the identifcation of heated non-fint rocks in... Show moreThroughout (pre)history, non-fint rocks have been used to structure freplaces, to retain heat, to boil liquids, and to cook food. Thus far, the identifcation of heated non-fint rocks in archaeological contexts largely depends on a visual (macroscopic) assessment using criteria thought to be diagnostic for thermal alteration. However, visual identifcation can be subject to observer bias, and some heat-induced traces can be quite difcult to distinguish from other types of weathering or discolouration. In this paper, we present feldspar luminescence analysis as an independent, objective way to identify heated non-fint rocks and to evaluate the results against the established visual macroscopic method for the identifcation of such pieces. This is done by submitting manuported rocks with and without inferred macroscopic characteristics of heating, originating from the Last Interglacial, Middle Palaeolithic site Neumark-Nord 2/2 (Germany), to feldspar luminescence analysis (pIRIR290). Results of the feldspar luminescence analysis are compared with the visual assessments. This proof of concept study demonstrates the potential of luminescence analyses as an independent, quantitative method for the identifcation of heated rocks—and their prehistoric applications like hot-stone cooking, specifcally for cases where macroscopic assessment cannot provide reliable determinations Show less
Pop, E.; Kuijper, W.; Hees, E. van; Smith, G.; García-Moreno, A.; Kindler, L.; ... ; Roebroeks, W. 2016
Few sites with evidence for fire use are known from the Last Interglacial in Europe. Hearth features are rarely preserved, probably as a result of post-depositional processes. The small postglacial... Show moreFew sites with evidence for fire use are known from the Last Interglacial in Europe. Hearth features are rarely preserved, probably as a result of post-depositional processes. The small postglacial basins (<300 m in diameter) that dominate the sedimentary context of the Eemian record in Europe are high-resolution environmental archives often containing charcoal particles. This case study presents the macroscopic charcoal record of the Neumark-Nord 2 basin, Germany, and the correlation of this record with the distinct find levels of the basin margin that also contain thermally altered archaeological material. Increased charcoal quantities are shown to correspond to phases of hominin presence—a pattern that fits best with recurrent anthropogenic fires within the watershed. This research shows the potential of small basin localities in the reconstruction of local fire histories, where clear archaeological features like hearths are missing. Show less
Reidsma, F.H.; Hoesel, A. van; Os, B.J.H. van; Megens, L.; Braadbaart, F. 2016
