This dissertation takes as its point of departure the many problems that Dutch secondary-school classics students have in using their dictionary while translating authentic texts. The main goal is... Show moreThis dissertation takes as its point of departure the many problems that Dutch secondary-school classics students have in using their dictionary while translating authentic texts. The main goal is to complete the first phases of an educational design study in order to lay the groundwork for a curriculum for dictionary use in classics education. By taking the approach of situated cognition, we learned that translating authentic classical texts is inherently complex, because of the ever-changing lingual ‘situations’ that the students need to deal with. A ‘one size fits all’ procedure to manage these ‘problems’ is not a sensible approach. Observing expert learners, we found that their look-up process can be described as a feedback loop, continually monitoring their progress and critically testing their hypotheses. They decided efficiently when to employ the affordances available in a dictionary (and when not to). We argue that Cognitive Apprenticeship (CA) is an effective didactic method to teach this kind of complex situated problem solving. Following CA, the practical outcome of the project consists of the Look-up Curriculum and five design principles for dictionary instruction. These were constructed in collaboration with a teacher design team, that also designed example exercises for the everyday teaching practice. Show less
Decision making on innovation is difficult because innovation involves large numbers of and constantly changing interactions between actors and their activities. Decision makers lack information... Show moreDecision making on innovation is difficult because innovation involves large numbers of and constantly changing interactions between actors and their activities. Decision makers lack information about these complex interactions. This makes it hard for them to predict the relationships between decisions and the outcomes. But now, with the easy availability of large amounts of data via internet, it is possible to get down to the details underlying innovation processes and to investigate patterns among these interactions to provide decision support. Under this background, this research explores the following Problem Statement (PS): To what extent can the new available big amounts of data be used to improve decision making on innovations? In order to answer the PS, Chapter 2 provides a new data-driven modelling method to analyse the innovation process data; Chapter 3 develops a more advanced innovation process model that provides decision makers with a good understanding of the overall structure of innovation processes; Chapter 4 investigates the underlying mechanism of emergence which provides decision makers with valuable insights into the interaction patterns on the micro level of innovation processes; Chapter 5 simulates the emergence to support decision making. This research contributes to data science, innovation management, and their cooperation. Show less
