The mid-sixteenth century was a time of rapidly intensifying interest in the study of living nature. Networks of experts described a rapidly growing number of species, complementing descriptions... Show moreThe mid-sixteenth century was a time of rapidly intensifying interest in the study of living nature. Networks of experts described a rapidly growing number of species, complementing descriptions with ad vivum depictions. Since the increase in the number of known species soon called for an organisation of this information, to keep this accessible and navigable, naturalists experimented with classifications and the presentation of information in text and image. This dissertation explores questions about the management of knowledge and information specifically in the context of natural history, looking at a subfield of zoology, the study of fishes and other aquatic animals, as an example, taking as a point of departure the works published by the naturalist Conrad Gessner (1516-1565). Gessner aimed to incorporate into his works an overview of the state of knowledge. As a result his work presents an ideal case study from which to approach questions such as: What happens when a field of knowledge experiences a sudden influx of information? How is information made accessible, how do researchers keep the overview of an increasing quantity of information? How is rudimentary and incomplete information processed and presented, how does it affect established interpretations and methods of working? Show less
The overall aim of this chapter is to address the challenges that Asia and Europe face in digital connectivity in the field of taxation and to facilitate the exchange of best practices in the... Show moreThe overall aim of this chapter is to address the challenges that Asia and Europe face in digital connectivity in the field of taxation and to facilitate the exchange of best practices in the framework of Asia–Europe Meeting (ASEM) connectivity and cooperation. Show less
The overall aim of this article is to analyse the taxpayers’ rights to confidentiality and privacy in exchange of information including the new global standard of automatic exchange of information.... Show moreThe overall aim of this article is to analyse the taxpayers’ rights to confidentiality and privacy in exchange of information including the new global standard of automatic exchange of information. Section 2 will analyse the state of the art regarding the right to privacy and confidentiality in the OECD bilateral and multilateral instruments, in the Human Right Conventions and in case law by the European Court of Human Rights and the European Court of Justice. This section will also analyse the application of the right to privacy and confidentiality in practice mainly by identifying the problems of confidentiality and privacy arising in the disclosure of information, the exchange of trade secrets and the leak of information to the press and third parties. Subsequently, the authors explore the possibility to introduce a multilateral instrument to remedy these shortcomings. Show less
