Non-invasive diagnostics are the first-line tools to diagnose an atherosclerotic vascular disease (carotid artery, renal artery and lower extremity). The accuracy of these non-invasive measurements... Show moreNon-invasive diagnostics are the first-line tools to diagnose an atherosclerotic vascular disease (carotid artery, renal artery and lower extremity). The accuracy of these non-invasive measurements is of utmost importance since it could have drastic consequences. As a result of the studies in this thesis, the foundation has been laid for the validation of ACCmax as a new diagnostic parameter in atherosclerotic disease. The ACCmax might play an increasingly important role in atherosclerotic diseases over the next few years in patients with PAD (in particular with MAC) as well as patients with renal and carotid arterial disease. Show less