De mogelijke vernieuwingen bij de vreemde talen kunnen resulteren in meer aandacht voor inhoud op het gebied van taal en cultuur. Hoe kun je deze onderdelen geïntegreerd toetsen met taalvaardigheid... Show moreDe mogelijke vernieuwingen bij de vreemde talen kunnen resulteren in meer aandacht voor inhoud op het gebied van taal en cultuur. Hoe kun je deze onderdelen geïntegreerd toetsen met taalvaardigheid? Nivja de Jong, Janine Berns en Tessa Mearns maken in ‘Toetsing als vertrekpunt voor vernieuwing’ creatief gebruik van de bekende driehoek van Biggs (1996) met leerdoelen, toetsing en feedback en leeractiviteiten. Eigenlijk staan de leerdoelen bovenaan, maar als je begint bij de toetsing heb je een veel concreter uitgangspunt. En als het goed is zijn de toetsen valide operationaliseringen van de leerdoelen. De Jong, Berns en Mearns anticiperen op de nieuwe examenprogramma’s voor de moderne vreemde talen en schetsen de voordelen als de leesteksten niet meer over alle mogelijke vakvreemde onderwerpen gaan waar de docenten geen verstand van hebben en die er in feite niet toe doen, maar over taal en cultuur, het vakgebied van de vreemdetaaldocent. De inhoud wordt dan net zo belangrijk als de taal, zoals bij tweetalig onderwijs (CLIL). Daar moet het leerproces, dus ook de feedback en de beoordeling door de docent, zich richten op inhoud én op de taal. Van de CLIL-ervaringen kunnen de vernieuwde talenvakken leren. Show less
The right to science is not very often enshrined in constitutions, despite being established in international law. This normative framework contributes to the lack of sufficient definition of... Show moreThe right to science is not very often enshrined in constitutions, despite being established in international law. This normative framework contributes to the lack of sufficient definition of States’ obligations, hindering a full-fledged recognition of this right. The article seeks to anchor an implicit right to science in a specific constitutional order and to explore its concretization through domestic constitutional practice. Relying on decisions taken by the Brazilian Constitutional Court, the content of the right to science and the States’ core obligations are elaborated. This elaboration considers the reciprocal influence between domestic and international law and aims at advancing the right to science. The study of the case law reveals both the importance of recognizing the autonomous right to science and its relevance in the promotion of other rights. Additionally, the right to science appears as an essential tool for tackling complicated societal and environmental challenges from a rational, democratic, and rights-based approach. Show less
Hilberdink, B.; Giesen, F. van der; Vlieland, T.V.; Weely, S. van 2020
Supervised group exercise (SGE) is recommended for people with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). Recent literature suggests that its contents and dosage must probably be revised. As a first step... Show moreSupervised group exercise (SGE) is recommended for people with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). Recent literature suggests that its contents and dosage must probably be revised. As a first step towards renewal, this study examined the current SGE organisation and content for people with axSpA in The Netherlands. A pen-and-paper survey was sent to the boards of the 82 local patient associations affiliated with the Dutch Arthritis Society in 2016. One member of each board was asked to complete questions on the nature and organisation of SGE and one of the supervising therapists to complete questions on the SGE supervision and contents. The questionnaire was returned by representatives of 67/82 (82%) local patient associations, of which 17 (25%) provided axSpA-specific SGE (16/17 SGE programmes with both land-based exercise and hydrotherapy and 1/17 with only hydrotherapy). These involved in total 56 groups with 684 participants and 59 supervisors, of whom 54 were physical therapists and 21 had had postgraduate education on rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs). Besides mobility and strengthening exercises and sports (17/17), most programmes included aerobic exercise (10/17), but rarely with heart rate monitoring (1/17), patient education (8/17), periodic assessments (2/17), or exercise personalisation (1/17). In the Netherlands, a quarter of local patient associations organised axSpA-specific SGE, mostly containing land-based exercises combined with sports and hydrotherapy. Most supervisors lacked postgraduate education on RMDs and most programmes lacked intensity monitoring, patient education, periodic assessments, and personalisation, which are needed for optimising exercise programmes according to current scientific insights. Show less
