The subject of this thesis is the administrative relation between the levels of authority in the Netherlands. Focus of attention within this study is the distribution of administrative tasks and... Show moreThe subject of this thesis is the administrative relation between the levels of authority in the Netherlands. Focus of attention within this study is the distribution of administrative tasks and legislative power between government tiers. And more particular the way it has developed since the constitutional reform in 1848; what motives have underpinned the fluctuating ways in which responsibilities and powers were divided. The constitutional reform of 1848 has laid the foundation for the current administrative structure. A three tiers-system forms the basis of its organisation. Decentralization, the transfer of functions and powers of the national government to the provinces and municipalities, gives meaning to the administrative stratification. This study shows that in The Netherlands the leitmotiv for decentralization is to improve the governmental performance; efficiency, standardization and simplification are recurring objectives. Decentralization is also often used as an instrument to resolve specific policy issues. A third motive for decentralisation is improvement of the administration and organisation of government. This study shows there is little debate about the underlying motives for decentralization. In some occasions articles of (constitutional) law are changed without any parliamentary debate whatsoever. Even if debate takes place, justifications are often unfounded or accompanied by defective reasoning. Show less
Het komt in Nederland gelukkig niet vaak voor maar soms is wetgeving in strijd met mensenrechten. Burgers kunnen deze schending in Nederland bij de rechter aan de orde stellen. Wat kan de rechter... Show moreHet komt in Nederland gelukkig niet vaak voor maar soms is wetgeving in strijd met mensenrechten. Burgers kunnen deze schending in Nederland bij de rechter aan de orde stellen. Wat kan de rechter doen als hij hen gelijk geeft? Over wat voor gereedschap beschikt de Nederlandse rechter? En gebeurt het ook weleens dat de rechter helemaal niets doet? Die vragen staan centraal in dit boek. Het geeft een uitgebreid overzicht van de constitutionele remedies in de gereedschapskist van de rechter. Het gaat vervolgens in op het gebruik van de rechter om weliswaar vast te stellen dat wetgeving in strijd is met mensenrechten, maar daaraan geen gevolgen te verbinden omdat daarmee ‘de grenzen van de rechtsvormende taak van de rechter zouden worden overschreden’. De rechter vindt het oplossen van de mensenrechtenschending dan een zaak van de politiek. Kan hij dat eigenlijk wel doen? Ubi ius ibi remedium: waar recht is, moet toch ook een remedie zijn? En doen rechters in andere landen dat ook? Het boek bevat een analyse van de eisen die het Europese recht stelt, en een rechtsvergelijking met de constitutionele stelsels in Duitsland, het Verenigd Koninkrijk en Canada Show less
References to 'balancing' and 'weighing' are ubiquitous in modern constitutional rights adjudication discourse in many Western legal systems. This thesis traces the rise of this form of language to... Show moreReferences to 'balancing' and 'weighing' are ubiquitous in modern constitutional rights adjudication discourse in many Western legal systems. This thesis traces the rise of this form of language to a series of decisions by the German Federal Constitutional Court and the U.S. Supreme Court of the late 1950s and early 1960s and to scholarly debates surrounding these decisions. Based on a detailed study of these historical origins, the thesis develops 'local meanings' of balancing that show striking differences as between jurisdictions. These local meanings are then compared on a conceptual grid derived from the common problematic of managing the relative formality of the legal order. Balancing in the U.S., in this model, is the expression of a skeptical pragmatism, whereas in German law. it is the centrepiece of an aspirational legalism. Understanding these differences is crucial to an evaluation of the legitimizing potential of balancing-based legal reasoning.So, while balancing in the U.S. is mostly seen as a pragmatic solution for when legal doctrinal models break down, German balancing is instead the expression of basic choices pertaining to the foundations of the constitutional legal order as a whole.The range of striking differences found between these meanings counters widely accepted claims as to the convergence of practices of constitutional rights adjudication on a 'balancing model' Show less
This thesis examines the attitude of the Hungarian Constitutional Court (“HCC”) and thePolish Constitutional Tribunal (“PCT”) towards EU law in their case-law. The predominantGerman legal influence... Show moreThis thesis examines the attitude of the Hungarian Constitutional Court (“HCC”) and thePolish Constitutional Tribunal (“PCT”) towards EU law in their case-law. The predominantGerman legal influence in the Central European region is explored from perspectives of legalhistory and culture in order to explain its enduring attraction. In order to provide theframework for the research, the case-law of the German Federal Constitutional Court(“FCC”) on the main principles comprehending the essential core of national sovereignty, thecontents of which are not susceptible to transfer or limitation, are set against theconstitutional requirements of EU law as enunciated by the European Court of Justice(“ECJ”) in its own foundational case-law. Such analysis thus provides the “German model,”by which the FCC has “negotiated” its position vis-à-vis the Union’s fundamental principles(e.g., primacy, direct effect, priority of ECJ rulings) which the ECJ has developed through itsjudgments. In pursuing this research, the decision-making of the two Central European courts isconsidered in the light of the putative influence of the German model. The increasingly activeparticipation of the HCC and particularly the PCT in helping to negotiate the newconstitutional context of the Union, based post-Lisbon on the respect of nationalconstitutional identities in Art. 4(2) TEU, is explored. The multilayered judicial construct ofEurope still remains replete with recognition problems for which the research seeks tosuggest some limited and focused changes. Show less
