Background: We previously described that adenoid tissue in children with chronic otitis media (COM) contained more mucosal biofilms than adenoid tissue removed for hypertrophy.Aims/objectives: The... Show moreBackground: We previously described that adenoid tissue in children with chronic otitis media (COM) contained more mucosal biofilms than adenoid tissue removed for hypertrophy.Aims/objectives: The aim of the second part was to characterize nasopharyngeal microbiota and explore virulence of the most common middle ear pathogens.Material and methods: Bacteriological analysis was performed following a culture-based approach on the samples recovered from 30 patients of COM group (15 biofilm-positive and 15 biofilm-negative) and from 30 patients of a control group (15 biofilm-positive and 15 biofilm-negative). Virulence factors of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Haemophilus influenzae were investigated.Results: The most frequent species were Firmicutes followed by Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. The presence of biofilm was statistically associated with an increase of the number of bacterial species and Firmicutes phylum regardless of the condition (case/control). No virulence factors associated with invasive isolates were found for the most common middle ear pathogens.Conclusions and significance: This case-control study demonstrated that the presence of COM plus biofilm was associated with a given microbiota which contained more Firmicutes. Our study allows a better understanding of physiopathological mechanisms involved in chronic otitis media and paves the way for further investigations. Show less
Kania, R.; Vironneau, P.; Dang, H.; Bercot, B.; Cambau, E.; Verillaud, B.; ... ; Abbeele, T. van den 2019
BACKGROUND\nMATERIAL AND METHODS\nRESULTS\nCONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE\nBiofilms are communities of bacteria embedded in a self-produced glycocalyx matrix. Adenoids have been shown to harbor... Show moreBACKGROUND\nMATERIAL AND METHODS\nRESULTS\nCONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE\nBiofilms are communities of bacteria embedded in a self-produced glycocalyx matrix. Adenoids have been shown to harbor bacterial biofilms. Aim/objectives: To compare the prevalence of biofilms in adenoid of children with chronic otitis media (COM) (group1) versus a control group without any COM (group 2) having adenoids removed because of hypertrophy.\nOne hundred and three children were prospectively enrolled in this case-control study, group 1 (n = 52) and group 2 (n = 51). The main outcome measurement was the prevalence of biofilm in adenoidectomy specimens analyzed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Children in group 1 who had middle ear (ME) effusion and requiring the insertion of a tympanostomy tube underwent biopsy of the ME mucosa and effusion sampling.\nBiofilms were found in adenoids' specimens of both groups and in the ME biopsy and effusion. The biofilm prevalence in adenoids was 63.5% (33/52) in group 1 and 47.1% (24/51) in group 2. Day nursery and previous antibiotics intake were significantly more frequent in group 1 than in group 2.\nThis case-control study demonstrates that adenoid tissue in children with COM contains more mucosal biofilms than adenoid tissue removed for hypertrophy. Biofilm was seen in ME biopsies and effusion. Show less
Background: Myringoplasty is a common procedure in otorhinolaryngology. Many techniques with different complications and outcomes have been described, one of which is hyaluronic acid fat graft... Show moreBackground: Myringoplasty is a common procedure in otorhinolaryngology. Many techniques with different complications and outcomes have been described, one of which is hyaluronic acid fat graft myringoplasty (HAFGM). This technique, as proposed by Saliba, uses fat tissue and hyaluronic acid discs. The technique is relatively fast with a high success rate and low complications. However, what outcomes can be expected when performed by other surgeons? In this paper, we report on the technique's success in our own hands.Materials and methods: Based on Saliba's protocol, we performed 86 HAFGMs by a transcanal approach between 2012 and August 2014. However, our 70% success rate was significantly different from Saliba's 92% (p value 2.8e-05). We visited Saliba's clinic in order to identify critical differences between our approaches. We adapted the differences we found in our protocol and analysed another 50 HAFGMs performed afterwards, between October 2014 and December 2015.Results: The success rate increased to 86-89%, this percentage is not different compared to Saliba's results (p value .25 and .54).Conclusion: HAFGM is a reproducible technique in the hands of other surgeons, but critical following of the surgical protocol is important. Show less
Conclusions: Phased-array stimulation is a promising technique, which uses electrical interaction to focus the stimulation in cochlear implants, at the expense of limited threshold shifts. It has... Show moreConclusions: Phased-array stimulation is a promising technique, which uses electrical interaction to focus the stimulation in cochlear implants, at the expense of limited threshold shifts. It has potential advantages over, for example, tripolar stimulation. Objectives: Current spread imposes limitations in cochlear implants. Van Compernolle (1985) suggested using all electrode contacts simultaneously to reduce these effects. Van den Honert et al. (2007) validated this so-called phased array algorithm in patients with respect to the electrode potentials but the effect on neural excitation remained unclear. The present study used computational modeling to relate the effect of phased-array stimulation to the neural elements. Methods: A computational model of the implanted human cochlea was used to compare the neural excitation patterns induced by conventional monopolar stimulation and by phased-array stimulation. Neural thresholds and electrical dynamic ranges were visualized with excitation profiles, showing the auditory nerve's response to a range of stimulus levels. Results: Phased-array stimulation of a single region reduces the spread of excitation and increases the dynamic range. The phased array paradigm can be extended to stimulate multiple sites simultaneously, thereby eliminating the need for sequential stimulation, but with a more limited range of usable stimulus levels, especially with perimodiolar electrodes. Show less
Hilgers, F.J.M.; Ackerstaff, A.H.; Rossum, M. van; Jacobi, I.; Balm, A.J.M.; Tan, I.B.; Brekel, M.W.M. van den 2010
