The emergence of large-scale replication projects yielding successful rates substantially lower than expected caused the behavioural, cognitive, and social sciences to experience a so-called ... Show moreThe emergence of large-scale replication projects yielding successful rates substantially lower than expected caused the behavioural, cognitive, and social sciences to experience a so-called ‘replication crisis’. In this Perspective, we reframe this ‘crisis’ through the lens of a credibility revolution, focusing on positive structural, procedural and community-driven changes. Second, we outline a path to expand ongoing advances and improvements. The credibility revolution has been an impetus to several substantive changes which will have a positive, long-term impact on our research environment. Show less
Pownall, M.; Azevedo, F.; König, L.M.; Slack Hannah R.M.; Evans, T.R.; Vel Tromp, M.J.B.; ... ; et al. 2023
In recent years, the scientific community has called for improvements in the credibility, robustness and reproducibility of research, characterized by increased interest and promotion of open and... Show moreIn recent years, the scientific community has called for improvements in the credibility, robustness and reproducibility of research, characterized by increased interest and promotion of open and transparent research practices. While progress has been positive, there is a lack of consideration about how this approach can be embedded into undergraduate and postgraduate research training. Specifically, a critical overview of the literature which investigates how integrating open and reproducible science may influence student outcomes is needed. In this paper, we provide the first critical review of literature surrounding the integration of open and reproducible scholarship into teaching and learning and its associated outcomes in students. Our review highlighted how embedding open and reproducible scholarship appears to be associated with (i) students' scientific literacies (i.e. students’ understanding of open research, consumption of science and the development of transferable skills); (ii) student engagement (i.e. motivation and engagement with learning, collaboration and engagement in open research) and (iii) students' attitudes towards science (i.e. trust in science and confidence in research findings). However, our review also identified a need for more robust and rigorous methods within pedagogical research, including more interventional and experimental evaluations of teaching practice. We discuss implications for teaching and learning scholarship. Show less
In European and many African, Middle Eastern and southern Asian populations, lactase persistence (LP) is the most strongly selected monogenic trait to have evolved over the past 10,000 years1. Alth... Show moreIn European and many African, Middle Eastern and southern Asian populations, lactase persistence (LP) is the most strongly selected monogenic trait to have evolved over the past 10,000 years1. Although the selection of LP and the consumption of prehistoric milk must be linked, considerable uncertainty remains concerning their spatiotemporal configuration and specific interactions2,3. Here we provide detailed distributions of milk exploitation across Europe over the past 9,000 years using around 7,000 pottery fat residues from more than 550 archaeological sites. European milk use was widespread from the Neolithic period onwards but varied spatially and temporally in intensity. Notably, LP selection varying with levels of prehistoric milk exploitation is no better at explaining LP allele frequency trajectories than uniform selection since the Neolithic period. In the UK Biobank4,5 cohort of 500,000 contemporary Europeans, LP genotype was only weakly associated with milk consumption and did not show consistent associations with improved fitness or health indicators. This suggests that other reasons for the beneficial effects of LP should be considered for its rapid frequency increase. We propose that lactase non-persistent individuals consumed milk when it became available but, under conditions of famine and/or increased pathogen exposure, this was disadvantageous, driving LP selection in prehistoric Europe. Comparison of model likelihoods indicates that population fluctuations, settlement density and wild animal exploitation—proxies for these drivers—provide better explanations of LP selection than the extent of milk exploitation. These findings offer new perspectives on prehistoric milk exploitation and LP evolution. Show less
After violent protests across the country had forced President Suharto to step down in 1998, Indonesia successfully made the transition from an authoritarian state to a democracy. For the first... Show moreAfter violent protests across the country had forced President Suharto to step down in 1998, Indonesia successfully made the transition from an authoritarian state to a democracy. For the first time in forty years Islamic parties and organizations – including some inspired by the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood – were free to propagate their ways of thinking. The new government also succeeded in negotiating an end to a separatist rebellion in Aceh, making the province the only region in Indonesia permitted to draft its own Islamic legislation. In this book Indonesian scholars affiliated with Islamic universities as well as Dutch researchers investigate what has happened since the transition. They explore what the consequences are of the growing influence of orthodoxy and radicalism, which – while already visible prior to 1998 – has only grown stronger. How did political and religious relations change? How were the lives of women and their legal position affected? Furthermore, what are the ramifications for religious minorities? Show less
Meurs, Frank van; Hendriks, Berna; Planken, Brigitte; Barasa, Sandy; et al. 2016
Het is zo’n twintig jaar geleden dat in Nederland onderzoek plaatsvond naar het aantal slachtoffers van ouderenmishandeling. Er is sinds die tijd veel veranderd: er zijn meer ouderen, de zorg is... Show moreHet is zo’n twintig jaar geleden dat in Nederland onderzoek plaatsvond naar het aantal slachtoffers van ouderenmishandeling. Er is sinds die tijd veel veranderd: er zijn meer ouderen, de zorg is sterk veranderd en de aandacht voor ouderenmishandeling is toegenomen.Er zijn allerlei initiatieven genomen om ouderenmishandeling te bestrijden en eerder te signaleren, zie bijvoorbeeld het actieplan ‘Ouderen in veilige handen’. Wat echter ontbreekt, is een actueel beeld van het aantal slachtoffers van ouderenmishandeling. De staatssecretaris van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport (vws) wil graag de aard, omvang en oorzaken van ouderenmishandeling laten onderzoeken. Hij heeft het Sociaal en Cultureel Planbureau (scp) gevraagd eerst de bestaande kennis bijeen te brengen alvorens nieuw onderzoek te starten. Het scp heeft daarom diverse partijen benaderd die actuele gegevens hebben over ouderenmishandeling en hen gevraagd om deze gegevens samen te brengen in deze bundel. De Leyden Academy on Vitality and Ageing, Movisie, het Verwey-Jonker Instituut, Bureau Beke, de Inspectie voor de Gezondheidszorg (igz) en de Gemeentelijke of Gemeenschappelijke Gezondheidsdiensten (ggd’en) hebben een bijdrage geleverd. Het is inspirerend om te zien dat zoveel verschillende organisaties, met elk hun eigen perspectief, zoveel inzet tonen en samenwerken om het zicht op een moeilijk bespreekbaaren te onderzoeken fenomeen te verbeteren. Show less
Kock, Christian; Villadsen, Lisa; Zarefsky, David; et al. 2014
Being a citizen is not just about holding a passport or being allowed to vote. It is also about how we communicate with each other about common societal issues. Rhetorical citizenship is about how... Show moreBeing a citizen is not just about holding a passport or being allowed to vote. It is also about how we communicate with each other about common societal issues. Rhetorical citizenship is about how we as citizens participate in society by means of discourse. How do we talk and write about civic issues? How are we addressed? How do we listen? This book presents studies from different academic fields of theoretical issues raised by public discourse, focusing on understanding and evaluating how its many manifestations both reflect, shape, and challenge the society it is a part of. The book also presents analyses of examples from around the world of civic communication, ranging from public hearings about same-sex marriage over polemical letters to the editor to public displays of knitting as a protest form. Show less
Biezen, Ingrid van; Napel, Hans-Martien ten; Katz, Richard S.; et al. 2014
Regulating Political Parties provides a novel and valuable contribution to the existing literature on political parties by discussing the various dimensions of party law and regulation, in Europe... Show moreRegulating Political Parties provides a novel and valuable contribution to the existing literature on political parties by discussing the various dimensions of party law and regulation, in Europe and other regions of the world. To what extent are political parties legitimate objects of state regulation? What are the dilemmas of regulating political finance? To what extent are parties accorded a formal constitutional status? What are the consequences of legal bans on political parties? How do legal arrangements affect parties representing ethnic minorities? These and related questions are discussed and examined from both theoretical and empirical perspectives. By bringing together international experts from the disciplines of law and political science, this volume thus addresses from an interdisciplinary and comparative point of view what has long been a notable lacuna in the study of political parties. Show less
Bratt, Kirstin Ruth; Bentahar, Ziad; Elkouche, Mohamed; et al. 2014
Anti-colonial literature is not necessarily ‘combat literature’ as Fanon and Déjeux have both suggested in their own writings. While it is often combative, there is also anti-colonial literature... Show moreAnti-colonial literature is not necessarily ‘combat literature’ as Fanon and Déjeux have both suggested in their own writings. While it is often combative, there is also anti-colonial literature that emphasizes the human and the humane rather than the oppositional and contentious; it cannot be fair to label all anti-colonial literature as combative, even if one were to expand the definition of “combat” to include peaceful struggles against oppression or dehumanization. This book suggests that the relationship between the West and the rest of the world has been imagined as a relationship of Self (the West) to Other (the rest of the world), ordered and bordered geographically by the whims of Europeans and creating a Center-Periphery paradigm. These invented boundaries of humanity serve to separate geographical sites, but more, they serve to enclose the Empire and exoticize other cultures. Boundaries are often spatial, but more often, they are related to relationships and colonialization. Show less
Osbourne, Robin; Bussels, Stijn; Hermans, Lex; et al. 2014
The Secret Lives of Art Works is a collection of essays on the phenomenon that viewers treat works of art as living beings: they attribute life, personhood and agency to them, kiss them, beat them,... Show moreThe Secret Lives of Art Works is a collection of essays on the phenomenon that viewers treat works of art as living beings: they attribute life, personhood and agency to them, kiss them, beat them, or claim that portraits look at viewers, and that statues move, breathe and speak. This volume engages in existent theories of these phenomena in art history, psychology, aesthetics and anthropology developed by the members of the Leiden ‘Art, Agency and Living Presence’ group. The Secret Lives of Art Works identifies new areas of research and presents the theoretical and historical account exploring the boundaries between ‘Art and Life’. Show less
Lunteren, Frans van; Janssen, Michiel; Willink, Bastiaan; et al. 2013
Over the course of his career, Anne Kox has developed a wide range of professional interests, in the Netherlands as well as abroad. It is no surprise that the varied circle of colleagues that Anne... Show moreOver the course of his career, Anne Kox has developed a wide range of professional interests, in the Netherlands as well as abroad. It is no surprise that the varied circle of colleagues that Anne Kox has gathered around himself over the years reflects his own varied professional interests. This is definitely the case for the group of close colleagues who have contributed to this volume. As a result, Albert Einstein and Hendrik Antoon Lorentz, the two towering figures in the history of theoretical physics to whom Kox has devoted a large part of his career, inevitably play a prominent role in several chapters in this volume. Show less
This volume provides new insights in the concept of shari’a in the West, and sets out a framework of how shari’a in the West can be studied. The premise of this volume is that one needs to focus on... Show moreThis volume provides new insights in the concept of shari’a in the West, and sets out a framework of how shari’a in the West can be studied. The premise of this volume is that one needs to focus on the question ‘What do Muslims do in terms of shari’a?’ rather than ‘What is shari’a?’. This perspective shows that the practice of Sharia is restricted to a limited set of rules that mainly relate to religious rituals, family law and social interaction. The framework of this volume then continues to explore two more interactions: the Western responses to these practices of shari’a and, in turn, the Muslim legal reaction to these responses. Show less
Kwakkel, Erik; Brown, Michelle P.; Garrison, Mary; et al. 2013
This book comprises six essays by prominent scholars of medieval Insular manuscripts. The main emphasis is on the physical appearance of books, though writing on and in other objects is also... Show moreThis book comprises six essays by prominent scholars of medieval Insular manuscripts. The main emphasis is on the physical appearance of books, though writing on and in other objects is also discussed. The essays highlight, in different ways, the tight relationship between the palaeographical and codicological features of manuscripts and the culture in which the objects were produced and used. Extending their expertise to a broad audience interested in the medieval book, the contributors discuss various aspects of written culture, including the development of Insular scripts, book culture in Mercia, the layout of Anglo-Saxon charters, and the transition from Anglo-Saxon to Norman-inspired script and book production Show less
