Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney organoids have potential for disease modeling and to be developed into clinically transplantable auxiliary tissue. However, they lack a functional... Show moreHuman induced pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney organoids have potential for disease modeling and to be developed into clinically transplantable auxiliary tissue. However, they lack a functional vasculature, and the sparse endogenous endothelial cells (ECs) are lost upon prolonged culture in vitro, limiting maturation and applicability. Here, we use intracoelomic transplantation in chicken embryos followed by single-cell RNA sequencing and advanced imaging platforms to induce and study vasculogenesis in kidney organoids. We show expansion of human organoid-derived ECs that reorganize into perfused capillaries and form a chimeric vascular network with host-derived blood vessels. Ligand-receptor analysis infers extensive potential interactions of human ECs with perivascular cells upon transplantation, enabling vessel wall stabilization. Perfused glomeruli display maturation and morphogenesis to capillary loop stage. Our findings demonstrate the beneficial effect of vascularization on not only epithelial cell types, but also the mesenchymal compartment, inducing the expansion of ' on target ' perivascular stromal cells, which in turn are required for further maturation and stabilization of the neo-vasculature. The here described vasculogenic capacity of kidney organoids will have to be deployed to achieve meaningful glomerular maturation and kidney morphogenesis in vitro. Show less
This study investigated the differential effect of economic recession and recovery on restaurant failures by location, type of cuisine, restaurant density, level of service and number of health... Show moreThis study investigated the differential effect of economic recession and recovery on restaurant failures by location, type of cuisine, restaurant density, level of service and number of health code violations. Secondary data were used from a major metropolitan city in the US from 2007–2013. Economic recession and recovery were found to affect the rate of restaurant failure significantly and differently by location, restaurant density, type of cuisine, risk level, and number of citations of health code violations. Some cuisine types survived well during the recession whereas others weremore vulnerable to the economic downturn. Some types of cuisine were prone to failure in both recession and recovery at higher rates than other types of cuisine, whereas others lagged only during recovery. While some types of cuisine were more likely to survive better in dense markets, no evidentrelationship was found between location and failure of cuisine type. There is a clear pattern of restaurant failures by Postal ZIP Code. There was a strong effect of number of health code violations on business failures. Show less
Heijde, D. van der; Schiff, M.; Tanaka, Y.; Klar, R.; Xie, L.; Meszaros, G.; ... ; Emery, P. 2017
