Objective. The objective of this paper is to assess the content and measurement constructs of the candidate instruments for the domains of "pain" and "physical function/activity" in the Outcome... Show moreObjective. The objective of this paper is to assess the content and measurement constructs of the candidate instruments for the domains of "pain" and "physical function/activity" in the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) shoulder core set. The results of this International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF)-based analysis may inform further decisions on which instruments should ultimately be included in the core set.Methods. The materials for the analysis were the 13 candidate measurement instruments within pain and physical function/activity in the shoulder core domain set, which either passed or received amber ratings (meaning there were some issues with the instrument) in the OMERACT filtering process. The content of the candidate instruments was extracted and linked to the ICF using the refined linking rules. The linking rules enhance the comparability of instruments by providing a comprehensive overview of the content of the instruments, the context in which the measurements take place, the perspectives adopted, and the types of response options.Results. The ICF content analysis showed a large variation in content and measurement constructs in the candidate instruments for the shoulder core outcome measurement set.Conclusion. Two of 6 pain instruments include constructs other than pain. Within the physical function/activity domain, 2 candidate instruments matched the domain, 3 included additional content, and 2 included meaningful concepts in the response options, suggesting that they should be omitted as candidate instruments. The analyses show that the content in most existing instruments of shoulder pain and functioning extends across core set domains. Show less
A key objective in the field of translational psychiatry over the past few decades has been to identify the brain correlates of major depressive disorder (MDD). Identifying measurable indicators of... Show moreA key objective in the field of translational psychiatry over the past few decades has been to identify the brain correlates of major depressive disorder (MDD). Identifying measurable indicators of brain processes associated with MDD could facilitate the detection of individuals at risk, and the development of novel treatments, the monitoring of treatment effects, and predicting who might benefit most from treatments that target specific brain mechanisms. However, despite intensive neuroimaging research towards this effort, underpowered studies and a lack of reproducible findings have hindered progress. Here, we discuss the work of the ENIGMA Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) Consortium, which was established to address issues of poor replication, unreliable results, and overestimation of effect sizes in previous studies. The ENIGMA MDD Consortium currently includes data from 45 MDD study cohorts from 14 countries across six continents. The primary aim of ENIGMA MDD is to identify structural and functional brain alterations associated with MDD that can be reliably detected and replicated across cohorts worldwide. A secondary goal is to investigate how demographic, genetic, clinical, psychological, and environmental factors affect these associations. In this review, we summarize findings of the ENIGMA MDD disease working group to date and discuss future directions. We also highlight the challenges and benefits of large-scale data sharing for mental health research. Show less
Plessis, M.R. du; Smeekens, S.; Cillessen, A.H.N.; Whittle, S.; Güroğlu, B. 2019
