The ancient Valens Aqueduct in the metropolis of Istanbul, Türkiye, has the potential to raise public awareness of historical water management as well as of current and future water supply... Show moreThe ancient Valens Aqueduct in the metropolis of Istanbul, Türkiye, has the potential to raise public awareness of historical water management as well as of current and future water supply challenges. This monument stands as a highly visible remnant of what was once the longest water supply line of the Roman world. Although recognized and preserved as a heritage object testifying to its multilayered history, it has lost its original function and its relationship to water management. We present a program that aims to develop solutions for revitalizing its tangible and intangible values as a prime example of water supply, management and culture through the ages. In this way, this heritage object can regain a connection with water, and water can become an engine for sustainable development. Show less
Eijken, H. van; Verhoeven, M.; Aronstein, I.; Brand, I.; Buisman, S.; Defares, K.; ... ; Widdershoven, R. 2020
Various pre-erythrocyte malaria vaccines are currently in clinical development, and among these is the adenovirus serotype 35-based circumsporozoite (CS) vaccine produced on PER.C6 cells. Although... Show moreVarious pre-erythrocyte malaria vaccines are currently in clinical development, and among these is the adenovirus serotype 35-based circumsporozoite (CS) vaccine produced on PER.C6 cells. Although the immunological correlate of protection against malaria remains to be established, the CS antibody titer is a good marker for evaluation of candidate vaccines. Here we describe the validation of an anti-Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on the binding of antibodies to a peptide antigen mimicking the CS repeat region. The interassay variability was determined to be below a coefficient of variation (CV) of 15%, and sensitivity was sufficient to detect low antibody titers in subjects from endemic regions. Antibody titers were in agreement with total antibody responses to the whole CS protein. Due to its simplicity and high performance, the ELISA is an easy and rapid method for assessment of pre-erythrocyte malaria vaccines based on CS. Show less
