Conclusions/interpretation This study shows that type 2 diabetes is characterised by increased fasting and postprandial plasma alpha-dicarbonyl stress, which can be reduced by improving glucose... Show moreConclusions/interpretation This study shows that type 2 diabetes is characterised by increased fasting and postprandial plasma alpha-dicarbonyl stress, which can be reduced by improving glucose metabolism through a VLCD or RYGB. These data highlight the potential to reduce reactive alpha-dicarbonyls in obese individuals with type 2 diabetes. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01167959 Show less