Antibody features vary with tuberculosis (TB) disease state. Whether clinical variables, such as age or sex, influence associations between Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antibody responses... Show moreAntibody features vary with tuberculosis (TB) disease state. Whether clinical variables, such as age or sex, influence associations between Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antibody responses and disease state is not well explored. Here we profiled Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antibody responses in 140 TB-exposed South African individuals from the Adolescent Cohort Study. We identified distinct response features in individuals progressing to active TB from non-progressing, matched controls. A multivariate antibody score differentially associated with progression (SeroScore) identified progressors up to 2 years before TB diagnosis, earlier than that achieved with the RISK6 transcriptional signature of progression. We validated these antibody response features in the Grand Challenges 6–74 cohort. Both the SeroScore and RISK6 correlated better with risk of TB progression in adolescents compared with adults, and in males compared with females. This suggests that age and sex are important, underappreciated modifiers of antibody responses associated with TB progression. Show less
Gela, A.; Murphy, M.; Rodo, M.; Hadley, K.; Hanekom, W.A.; Boom, W.H.; ... ; Delayed BCG Study Team 2022
Background: Non-protein antigen classes can be presented to T cells by near-monomorphic antigen-presenting molecules such as CDI, MRI, and butyrophilin 3AI. Such T cells, referred to as donor... Show moreBackground: Non-protein antigen classes can be presented to T cells by near-monomorphic antigen-presenting molecules such as CDI, MRI, and butyrophilin 3AI. Such T cells, referred to as donor unrestricted T (DURT) cells, typically express stereotypic T cell receptors. The near-unrestricted nature of DURT cell antigen recognition is of particular interest for vaccine development, and we sought to define the roles of DURT cells, including MRI-restricted MAIT cells, CDth-restricted glucose monomycolate (GMM)-specific T cells, CDth-restricted NKT cells, and gamma delta T cells, in vaccination against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Methods: We compared and characterized DURT cells following primary bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination in a cohort of vaccinated and unvaccinated infants, as well as before and after BCG-revaccination in adults. Findings: BCG (re)vaccination did not modulate peripheral blood frequencies, T cell activation or memory profiles of MAIT cells, CDth-restricted GMM-specific and germline-encoded mycolyl-reactive (GEM) cells or CDId-restricted NKT cells. By contrast, primary BCG vaccination was associated with increased frequencies of gamma delta T cells as well as a novel subset of CD26(+)CDI6I(+)TRAVI-2(-) IFN-gamma-expressing CD4(+) T cells in infants. Interpretation: Our findings, that most DURT cell populations were not modulated by BCG, do not preclude a role of BCG in modulating other qualitative aspects of DURT cells. More studies are required to understand the full potential of DURT cells in new TB vaccine strategies. Copyright (C) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Show less
