With the continued success of the open RISC-V architecture, practical deployment of RISC-V processors necessitates an in-depth consideration of their testability, safety and security aspects. This... Show moreWith the continued success of the open RISC-V architecture, practical deployment of RISC-V processors necessitates an in-depth consideration of their testability, safety and security aspects. This survey provides an overview of recent developments in this quickly-evolving field. We start with discussing the application of state-of-the-art functional and system-level test solutions to RISC-V processors. Then, we discuss the use of RISC-V processors for safety-related applications; to this end, we outline the essential techniques necessary to obtain safety both in the functional and in the timing domain and review recent processor designs with safety features. Finally, we survey the different aspects of security with respect to RISC-V implementations and discuss the relationship between cryptographic protocols and primitives on the one hand and the RISC-V processor architecture and hardware implementation on the other. We also comment on the role of a RISC-V processor for system security and its resilience against side-channel attacks. Show less
This paper optimizes Bloom filter algorithms and hardware architectures for high-speed implementation on FPGAs. A Bloom filter is a data structure that is used to check whether input search data... Show moreThis paper optimizes Bloom filter algorithms and hardware architectures for high-speed implementation on FPGAs. A Bloom filter is a data structure that is used to check whether input search data are present in a table of stored data. Bloom filters are extensively used for monitoring network traffic. Improving the speed of Bloom filters can therefore have a significant impact on the speed of many network applications. The most important components determining the speed of Bloom filters are hash functions. While hash functions in Bloom filters do not require strong cryptographic properties, they do need a minimized computational delay. In this work, we evaluate and compare the performance and resource utilization of different Bloom filter algorithms and architectures as well as non-cryptographic hash functions on an FPGA. We also propose a new non-cryptographic hash function, called Xoodoo-NC, derived from the cryptographic permutation Xoodoo. Xoodoo-NC is a reduced-round, reduced-state version of Xoodoo, inheriting Xoodoo's desired avalanche properties and low logical depth, resulting in an ultra-low-latency non-cryptographic hash function. We evaluate the performance of Bloom filter architectures based on Xoodoo-NC on a Xilinx UltraScale+ FPGA and we compare the performance and resource occupation to existing Bloom filter implementations. We additionally compare our results to memories that use the built-in CAM cores in Xilinx UltraScale+ FPGAs. Our proposed algorithmic and architectural advances lead to Bloom filters that, to the best of our knowledge, outperform all other FPGA-based solutions. Show less
Winderickx, J.; Braeken, A.; Singelee, D.; Mentens, N. 2021
