Viruses, as obligate intracellular parasites, exploit cellular pathways and resources in a variety of fascinating ways. A striking example of this is the remodelling of intracellular membranes into... Show moreViruses, as obligate intracellular parasites, exploit cellular pathways and resources in a variety of fascinating ways. A striking example of this is the remodelling of intracellular membranes into specialized structures that support the replication of positive-sense ssRNA (+RNA) viruses infecting eukaryotes. These distinct forms of virus-induced structures include double-membrane vesicles (DMVs), found during viral infections as diverse and notorious as those of coronaviruses, enteroviruses, noroviruses, or hepatitis C virus. Our understanding of these DMVs has evolved over the past 15 years thanks to advances in imaging techniques and modem molecular biology tools. In this article, we review contemporary understanding of the biogenesis, structure, and function of virus-induced DMVs as well as the open questions posed by these intriguing structures. Show less
Replication organelles (ROs) are novel membrane rearrangements formed in the host cell cytosol during infections of positive-sense RNA (+RNA) viruses, which are utilised as platforms for viral... Show moreReplication organelles (ROs) are novel membrane rearrangements formed in the host cell cytosol during infections of positive-sense RNA (+RNA) viruses, which are utilised as platforms for viral replication. This thesis addresses several open questions regarding the ROs of picornaviruses, including the host factor requirements for enterovirus RO formation, their potential functions, and the on-going uncertainty surrounding their origin. It extends our detailed understanding of enterovirus ROs to a second picornavirus genus, the cardioviruses, with broader ramifications for the development of antiviral strategies. The resulting data highlight an unexpected degree of flexibility in the use of membranes for vRNA synthesis, asking for a re-examination of how we define the replication organelles of +RNA viruses. Show less
Melia, C.E.; Schaar, H.M. van der; Jong, A.W.M. de; Lyoo, H.R.; Snijder, E.J.; Koster, A.J.; ... ; Barcena, M. 2018
