Background: Extended pelvic nodal dissection (ePLND) represents the gold standard for nodal staging in prostate cancer (PCa). Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) radioguided surgery (RGS)... Show moreBackground: Extended pelvic nodal dissection (ePLND) represents the gold standard for nodal staging in prostate cancer (PCa). Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) radioguided surgery (RGS) could identify lymph node invasion (LNI) during robotassisted radical prostatectomy (RARP).Objective: To report the planned interim analyses of a phase 2 prospective study (NCT04832958) aimed at describing PSMA-RGS during RARP.Design, setting, and participants: A phase 2 trial aimed at enrolling 100 patients with intermediate- or high-risk cN0cM0 PCa at conventional imaging with a risk of LNI of >5% was conducted. Overall, 18 patients were enrolled between June 2021 and March 2022. Among them, 12 patients underwent PSMA-RGS and represented the study cohort.Surgical procedure: All patients received Ga-68-PSMA positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance imaging; Tc-99m-PSMA-I&S was synthesised and administered intravenously the day before surgery, followed by single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography. A Drop-In gamma probe was used for in vivo measurements. All positive lesions (count rate >= 2 compared with background) were excised and ePLND was performed.Measurements: Side effects, perioperative outcomes, and performance characteristics of robot-assisted PSMA-RGS for LNI were measured.Results and limitations: Overall, four (33%), six (50%), and two (17%) patients had intermediate-risk, high-risk, and locally advanced PCa. Overall, two (17%) patients had pathologic nodal uptake at PSMA PET. The median operative time, blood loss, and length of stay were 230 min, 100 ml, and 5 d, respectively. No adverse events and intraoperative complications were recorded. One patient experienced a 30-d complication (ClavienDindo 2; 8.3%). Overall, three (25%) patients had LNI at ePLND. At per-region analyses on 96 nodal areas, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of PSMA-RGS were 63%, 99%, 83%, and 96%, respectively. On a per-patient level, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive values of PSMA-RGS were 67%, 100%, 100%, and 90%, respectively.Conclusions: Robot-assisted PSMA-RGS in primary staging is a safe and feasible procedure characterised by acceptable specificity but suboptimal sensitivity, missing micrometastatic nodal disease.Patient summary: Prostate-specific membrane antigen radioguided robot-assisted surgery is a safe and feasible procedure for the intraoperative identification of nodal metastases in cN0cM0 prostate cancer patients undergoing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy with extended pelvic lymph node dissection. However, this approach might still miss micrometastatic nodal dissemination. (c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of European Association of Urology. Show less
