Globally, the goal of education in the developing world has moved from "Education for All," which was one of the Millenium Goals of the United Nations, to focus on "Quality Education" as... Show moreGlobally, the goal of education in the developing world has moved from "Education for All," which was one of the Millenium Goals of the United Nations, to focus on "Quality Education" as Sustainable Development Goal 4, formulated by the same United Nations. As the number of children going to school all over the world increased and the expected results of the reduction of extreme poverty and hunger materialised, governments and NGOs alike soon realised that the term "education" covers a wide range of activities and ways of schooling, not all of which contribute equally and in all circumstances to the continuing development goals of any particular country or region. Sustainable development can be attained only when individuals and groups have and are able to use the tools and can adapt to local circumstances. Education should provide learners with those tools and only education that does provide them and prepares its learners for their futures can be called "quality education." Rethinking how "education" can be put to use strategically for long term gain therefore assumes the utmost importance, and the focus must then turn to the quality of education. Good and sustainable education is understood to be education that prepares its participants for both social and professional life by equipping them with appropriate knowledge and skills. Hence the title of this volume: Education for Life in Africa. Show less
On Friday 7 August 1998, the world was horrified by two bomb attacks on the American embassies in Nairobi and Dar Es Salaam. Although 250 Kenyan citizens and about ten Tanzanians were killed in... Show moreOn Friday 7 August 1998, the world was horrified by two bomb attacks on the American embassies in Nairobi and Dar Es Salaam. Although 250 Kenyan citizens and about ten Tanzanians were killed in these attacks, the attention of the world focused mainly on the distress caused by the deaths of twelve Americans. The perpetrators were immediately sought among Muslims in the Middle East. The past of Osama Bin Laden - the suspected mastermind behind the attacks - was dredged up and a possible Dutch connection with international terrorism was explored in depth. Africa seems to have been no more than an accidental setting for these attacks, possibly selected because airport security leaves so much to be desired. Show less
Peut-on considérer que les Fulbe forment un peuple unique, malgré leur dispersion, dans la mesure où ils partagent la même langue? En comparant le discours des anthropologues et des linguistes à... Show morePeut-on considérer que les Fulbe forment un peuple unique, malgré leur dispersion, dans la mesure où ils partagent la même langue? En comparant le discours des anthropologues et des linguistes à propos du concept de 'pulaaku', les auteurs soulèvent la question de la complexité qu'il y a à définir l'ethnicité peule. Alors que certains y voient une sorte d'invariant du monde peul lorsque 'pulaaku' signifie 'code moral' ou 'comportement', dans le delta intérieur du Niger, ou au Massina (Mali), le même mot désigne l'ensemble de la communauté des Fulbe par rapport aux sociétés voisines. En guise d'exemple, les auteurs présentent les mots avec lesquels les Fulbe du clan Jallube du Hayre, dans le Mali central, expriment effectivement 'le code moral'. Elles montrent que les divers groupes sociaux d'une communauté (en l'occurrence les pasteurs et les anciens esclaves) peuvent désigner de façons différentes le contenu des éléments du code moral. Or, dans tous les cas, le discours sur l'identité est une simplification de la réalité, et cela risque de faire d'un peuple une entité artificielle et d''oublier' tout ce qui fait sa diversité et ses différences. L'utilisation du terme 'pulaaku' est le reflet de ce processus. Show less
