Muslims in Europe and the United States have been trying to redefine their political aspirations through a new urban-based western Islamic identity, especially since 9/11. They are attempting to... Show moreMuslims in Europe and the United States have been trying to redefine their political aspirations through a new urban-based western Islamic identity, especially since 9/11. They are attempting to move away from traditionalist Islamist categories by forging a new urban Islamic culture based both on an individualistic ethic that promotes economic success and a certain conception of spiritual well-being. Show less
Islam in France has been experiencing a significant evolution of traditional gender roles as more Muslim women have access to schooling and employment. Increasingly, first and second-generation... Show moreIslam in France has been experiencing a significant evolution of traditional gender roles as more Muslim women have access to schooling and employment. Increasingly, first and second-generation Maghrebi women, as well as new immigrants, seek out and benefit from religious training in institutions that have traditionally been male domains such as mosques, religious associations and Institutes for Islamic Studies. Could it be that new public female Muslim elite with religious skills and competencies is emerging? Do Muslim women occupy a new position within a religious education market? Show less
