During the Cold War, the Dutch Army Medical Service (MGD) promoted the health and operational readiness of the Royal Netherlands Army. Medical war preparations were an integral part of this. The... Show moreDuring the Cold War, the Dutch Army Medical Service (MGD) promoted the health and operational readiness of the Royal Netherlands Army. Medical war preparations were an integral part of this. The evacuation, treatment and nursing of sick and wounded soldiers in wartime required the formulation of procedures and doctrines as well as an extensive organization, complete with supplies and equipment, trained personnel and mobilization plans. However, these activities were shrouded in uncertainty as the prospect of biological, chemical or even nuclear warfare called into question all casualty estimations based on previous conflicts.The central question in this dissertation is how the MGD dealt with the nuclear threat perception and how military-medical war preparations were influenced by it. Against the backdrop of the ominous prospects of future warfare, military physicians tried to legitimize their war preparations and make sense of them. This mechanism is made clear using the concept of sociotechnical imaginaries: constructed optimistic images of the future that are based on the collective belief in scientific and technological progress. This study shows that the MGD maintained an optimistic outlook from the beginning through the end of the Cold War, but the reasoning that supported this viewpoint evolved over time. Show less
Interest groups play an important role within a democratic society. Less is known about their role within the legal system. Meanwhile, interest groups are the driving force behind many high-profile... Show moreInterest groups play an important role within a democratic society. Less is known about their role within the legal system. Meanwhile, interest groups are the driving force behind many high-profile lawsuits against the Dutch government, such as the lawsuits concerning climate change, the quality of asylum facilities, and the Dutch nitrogen policy. This research focuses on the access of interest groups to the courts. How extensive is their access? Does it threaten or protect a democratic society under the rule of law? The access of interest groups to Dutch administrative and civil courts is evaluated in terms of legitimacy and effectiveness. Since interest group litigation is at the intersection of politics and law, the research adopts an interdisciplinary approach. Beyond the boundaries of Dutch legal scholarship, it seeks insights from social sciences regarding the role of interest groups within the political decision-making process. Additionally, it examines, from a legal sociological perspective, the role that interest groups play in public interest litigation in the United States. As a result, the research explores approaches, concepts, and arguments that have largely remained outside of the Dutch legal legal discourse. Ultimately, this leads to a reassessment of both the legitimacy and effectiveness of interest groups' access to the courts. Show less
In the Netherlands, the title of Minister of State is granted to a select set of senior politicians and administrators, generally towards the end of their career. They are appointed by the monarch,... Show moreIn the Netherlands, the title of Minister of State is granted to a select set of senior politicians and administrators, generally towards the end of their career. They are appointed by the monarch, acting on a proposal by the cabinet. In this capacity, they are then asked to perform certain activities or to carry out specific tasks. Both the content of the Minister of State role itself and the appointment process are quite vague. Nevertheless, this exclusive ministerial title has considerable social status. The aim of this research study is to provide insight into the title of Minister of State. The problem description is as follows: What development has taken place in the role of Minister of State; what has the legal and political significance of the Minister of State been; and what can be said about the present-day role of Minister of State, in the Netherlands and in various other countries? Chapter 2 investigates the development of the Minister of State from a historical perspective. In Chapter 3 the various appointments as Minister of State are studied for each monarch. Chapter 4 examines the present-day role of Minister of State. In Chapter 5 a comparative legal study is made of whether other countries also have a Minister of State and what parallels and differences can be seen in relation to this title in the Netherlands.Chapter 6 brings together the findings of the research study and presents the conclusions that were drawn. Show less
This dissertation takes as its point of departure the many problems that Dutch secondary-school classics students have in using their dictionary while translating authentic texts. The main goal is... Show moreThis dissertation takes as its point of departure the many problems that Dutch secondary-school classics students have in using their dictionary while translating authentic texts. The main goal is to complete the first phases of an educational design study in order to lay the groundwork for a curriculum for dictionary use in classics education. By taking the approach of situated cognition, we learned that translating authentic classical texts is inherently complex, because of the ever-changing lingual ‘situations’ that the students need to deal with. A ‘one size fits all’ procedure to manage these ‘problems’ is not a sensible approach. Observing expert learners, we found that their look-up process can be described as a feedback loop, continually monitoring their progress and critically testing their hypotheses. They decided efficiently when to employ the affordances available in a dictionary (and when not to). We argue that Cognitive Apprenticeship (CA) is an effective didactic method to teach this kind of complex situated problem solving. Following CA, the practical outcome of the project consists of the Look-up Curriculum and five design principles for dictionary instruction. These were constructed in collaboration with a teacher design team, that also designed example exercises for the everyday teaching practice. Show less
This dissertation is about intra-EU workers and labour law related (bogus) constructions under which they work in the Netherlands and other EU member states.Through the following two main research... Show moreThis dissertation is about intra-EU workers and labour law related (bogus) constructions under which they work in the Netherlands and other EU member states.Through the following two main research questions this situation is outlined and analysed.1. To what extent do intra-EU workers in the Netherlands work under labour law related (bogus) constructions that (financially) disadvantage them?2. What are the perceptions of intra-EU workers regarding the use of labour law related (bogus) constructions and their working conditions and circumstances under which they work in the Netherlands and other EU member states?In each chapter of this thesis, these questions are elaborated into more specific research questions.In this research both legal and empirical research that fits within the Empirical Legal Studies (ELS) framework is conducted. Through this combination of research methods it was viable to link the collected empirical (interview) data to the legal data based on literature and case law research. Hence, the theory (law in books) was tested against facts and observations (law in action). Moreover, by establishing this link the present research adds a new and valuable dimension to current academic legal and social scientific research. Show less
The theme of this dissertation, Jewish music and Jewish musical thinking, suggests a specific Jewish way of thinking about music that cannot be separated from cult and religion.The Tanakh, Mishnah... Show moreThe theme of this dissertation, Jewish music and Jewish musical thinking, suggests a specific Jewish way of thinking about music that cannot be separated from cult and religion.The Tanakh, Mishnah and Talmud, provide much information about music and musical thinking in general and culture and liturgy in particular. Answers are given to what Jewish music is not, but from what is meant by Jewish music clear answers are missing.In this dissertation, the focus is on seeking and finding answers to synagogue music—the hazzanut—from which all Jewish music originates. Attention is given to how the construction and use of synagogue organs and synagogue organ music indirectly answer what Jews may mean by Jewish music.My research demonstrates that we can only speak of Jewish musics. The term musics is used as a collective term for musical expressions within one culture and/or within the diversity of cultures in Judaism.In the Haskalah period, all questions concerning Jewish music merge. The result is a fierce debate about the subject of music and a fiery search for consensus on the views on Jewish music, which is reflected, among other things, in polemic articles about 'die Orgelfrage'. Show less
In dit proefschrift legt Wiersma uit hoe Plato's idee van de democratische mens nog steeds herkenbaar is als probleem voor onze eigen tijd. Hij schetst aan de hand van klassieke en christelijke... Show moreIn dit proefschrift legt Wiersma uit hoe Plato's idee van de democratische mens nog steeds herkenbaar is als probleem voor onze eigen tijd. Hij schetst aan de hand van klassieke en christelijke denkers een alternatief: de aristocratische mens. Voorts laat hij zien hoe de onderwijsfilosofie van de traditionele artes liberales een belangrijke rol kunnen spelen in de transitie van democratisch mens naar aristocratisch mens. Hierin is niet alleen het curriculum van groot belang maar vooral ook de rol van de docent. Show less
Zorgverzekeraars sluiten ten behoeve van ruim driekwart van hun verzekerden zorginkoopovereenkomsten met zorgaanbieders over de aan verzekerden te verlenen zorg. Onder de invloed van marktdenken is... Show moreZorgverzekeraars sluiten ten behoeve van ruim driekwart van hun verzekerden zorginkoopovereenkomsten met zorgaanbieders over de aan verzekerden te verlenen zorg. Onder de invloed van marktdenken is de contractsvrijheid in de zorginkoopverhouding stapsgewijs vergroot, zodat zorgverzekeraars de rol van ‘doelmatige, klantgerichte regisseurs van zorg’ kunnen vervullen. De overheid bepaalt in een nog altijd omvangrijk regelgevend kader de randvoorwaarden voor de werking van het zorgverzekeringsstelsel en houdt toezicht.De rechten en verplichtingen van zorgverzekeraars en zorgaanbieders in dit gemengde publiek-privaatrechtelijke kader zijn het onderwerp van dit proefschrift. De zorginkoopovereenkomst wordt civielrechtelijk geduid, op zichzelf en in verhouding tot de zorgverzekering en de geneeskundige behandelingsovereenkomst. Het proefschrift biedt een analyse van de doorwerking van regelgeving, zoals de Zorgverzekeringswet en de Wet marktordening gezondheidszorg, de daarop gebaseerde lagere regelgeving en de uitoefening van de bevoegdheden van de Nederlandse Zorgautoriteit bij aanmerkelijke marktmacht in de (pre-)contractuele verhouding. Getoetst wordt of zorgverzekeraars aanbestedende diensten zijn. De hoedanigheid van de zorgverzekeraar wordt gekenschetst en onderzocht wordt welke invloed in de rechtspraak aan die hoedanigheid en de betrokkenheid van publieke belangen wordt toegekend en welke invloed daaraan zou moeten worden toegekend. Show less
In landen met een ‘common law’ rechtssysteem wordt het woord ‘trust’ in de juridische zin gebruikt om te verwijzen naar de rechtsfiguur trust. De trust is gebaseerd op vertrouwen en is één van de... Show moreIn landen met een ‘common law’ rechtssysteem wordt het woord ‘trust’ in de juridische zin gebruikt om te verwijzen naar de rechtsfiguur trust. De trust is gebaseerd op vertrouwen en is één van de meest toegepaste rechtsfiguren in de internationale financiering- en estate planningspraktijk. Een insteller, de settlor, vertrouwt goederen toe aan een trustee, die vervolgens deze beheert ten behoeve van één of meer beneficiaries, of ter verwezenlijking van een bepaald doel. De trust wordt onder meer gebruikt om familievermogen te beschermen en aan de volgende generatie over te dragen, risicovol beleggen te faciliteren, ondernemingsvermogen veilig te stellen of het beheren van pensioengelden.De trust komt soms negatief in het nieuws, in verband met belastingontduiking en belastingontduiking. Niet geheel terecht, omdat in de ‘common law’ landen evenals in Nederland, anti-misbruikinstrumenten worden ingezet ter bestrijding van belastingontwijking en belastingduiking via vennootschappen en trusts. Deze negatieve connotatie is te wijten aan de vele misvattingen over juridische structuur van de trust in landen met een continentaal rechtssysteem zoals Nederland. Door deze misvattingen – in de politiek en de rechtsliteratuur – is de trust nimmer in het Nederlandse recht ingevoerd. Immers, onbekend maakt onbemind.Dit onderzoek behelst een rechtsvergelijkend onderzoek naar de Anglo-Amerikaanse trust, de Curaçaose trust en de introductie van de trust in het Nederlandse recht. Daarbij worden aan de hand van onder andere het Anglo-Amerikaanse trustrecht concrete oplossingen voor de rechtspraktijk gepresenteerd voor zowel de reparatie van de Curaçaose trustwetgeving als de wijze waarop de trust in het Nederlandse recht kan worden ingevoerd. Show less
Dutch-Surinamese writer Anil Ramdas was known for his unrestricted criticism of both the Dutch and the Surinamese societies. After his suicide in 2012, much has been said about the ways in which... Show moreDutch-Surinamese writer Anil Ramdas was known for his unrestricted criticism of both the Dutch and the Surinamese societies. After his suicide in 2012, much has been said about the ways in which his immigration and presupposed loss of home had inspired his professional and personal life. This biographical study switches the perspective by taking into account the context in which Ramdas published his work, and attempts to answer questions like: how was an intellectual of color perceived in the Netherlands? How was Ramdas’ work interpreted, and how were the changing realities in the multicultural society an influence on this interpretation?In wat voor land leef ik eigenlijk? seeks to gain an understanding of the writer and his work, but also of the interaction between the reality outside of the writer, and his inner world. It analyzes how Ramdas engaged with different environments, and how these environments have engaged with him. Amatmoekrim uses a postcolonial view on the Posture theory by integrating concepts such as double consciousness and fragmentation, to come to a better understanding of Ramdas’ work and personal life. Show less
This PhD thesis researches the doctrine of material amendments to public contracts. This doctrine regulates the extent to which modifications are allowed during the procurement and execution stages... Show moreThis PhD thesis researches the doctrine of material amendments to public contracts. This doctrine regulates the extent to which modifications are allowed during the procurement and execution stages of a public contract. The main question is to what extent this doctrine limits the freedom to modify a contract that is awarded according to a EU public procurement procedure. This question is answered primarily from a public procurement law perspective, whilst recognizing the importance of the interaction with the Dutch law of obligations. Chapter 1 introduces the subject matter and explains the importance of this research. Chapter 2 analyses the justification of the prohibition to materially amend a public contract. Chapter 3 assesses the possibilities to introduce flexibility in advance. Chapter 4 discusses the issue of proposing amendments during the procurement stage. Chapter 5 examines how the prohibition to materially amend a public contract relates to the interpretation of that contract. Chapter 6 analyses Article 72 Directive 2014/24/EU and its influence on statutory possibilities to amend a contract, especially in case of unforeseen circumstances. Chapter 7 deals with transparency regarding amendments. Chapter 8 analyses the consequences of a material amendment during the execution stage. Chapter 9 contains concluding remarks. Show less
In today's 'onlife' era, online and offline realities are intimately intertwined. This dissertation focuses on a specific expression of this interconnectedness: 'digital doppelgangers'. The focus... Show moreIn today's 'onlife' era, online and offline realities are intimately intertwined. This dissertation focuses on a specific expression of this interconnectedness: 'digital doppelgangers'. The focus is on visual digital doppelgangers, i.e. digital manufactured images of man. This dissertation aims to gain insight into the role that such doppelgangers play in the formation of human identity and self-understanding, using three disciplinary angles. The ‘image aspect’ of digital doppelgangers is explored through a visual culture studies/ media studies lens; the ‘human aspect’ through a philosophical anthropology/ philosophy of technology lens; and finally, the ‘identity aspect’ and unheimliche dimensions through a philosophical anthropology/ psychoanalysis lens. Three cases will elaborate on these themes: selfies, internet memes and deepfake videos. Drawing on the work of Helmuth Plessner, I show that man can be understood as a "doppelganger". The inevitable unheimlichkeit that results from this gets a more or less fixed character in visual digital doppelgangers. An important conclusion is that regulation of digital doppelgangers should not be so much focused on the (impossible) elimination of digital unheimlichkeit, but on preventing situations in which digital doppelgangers no longer can be adjusted. Living humanely in the onlife world requires being able to live the lives of our digital doppelgangers, too. Show less
In this book pawnbroking, the offering of secured loans to people with personal property as collateral, is analyzed by investigating the statutory rules applicable to pawnbroking in Section 7.2D... Show moreIn this book pawnbroking, the offering of secured loans to people with personal property as collateral, is analyzed by investigating the statutory rules applicable to pawnbroking in Section 7.2D Civil Code within the property law rules of the Civil Code. The study also investigates whether the statutory arrangement in Section 7.2D Civil Code provides for a balanced protection of the interests of the parties involved in a pawnbroking agreement. Show less
This research identifies a model for the interpretation of a contract under Dutch law. The model answers the question of which method should be applied to interpret a contract in the contest of a... Show moreThis research identifies a model for the interpretation of a contract under Dutch law. The model answers the question of which method should be applied to interpret a contract in the contest of a specific case, considering existing legislation, case law and legal doctrine. The model indicates which method of interpretation (e.g., the objective-oriented method of interpretation) is applicable, based on a case specific selection and assessment of sources of interpretation (such as ‘the linguistic meaning of the wording’, ‘the pre-contractual phase’ or ‘trade usages’) by using contextual factors (e.g., ‘the nature of the contract’, ‘the nature and knowledge/experiences of the parties to the contract’ and ‘the manner of the formation of the contract’). A suitable method of interpretation can be identified and applied by selecting and balancing sources of interpretation in light of contextual factors. The model provides guidance on contract interpretation to parties engaged in a dispute about the meaning of the contract, and persons who need to solve such a dispute, such as judges and arbitrators. The law of evidence will also be considered. The model, as identified under Dutch law (see Chapters 2 to 5) will be evaluated and both foreign legal systems (English and French law) and transnational principles (the PECL, the DCFR and the PICC; see Chapters 6 to 8) will be considered. Show less
This dissertation discusses the injunction and whether there is a claim for a preventive remedy. It explains how the injunction is regulated in Dutch law, when it can be pronounced and what the... Show moreThis dissertation discusses the injunction and whether there is a claim for a preventive remedy. It explains how the injunction is regulated in Dutch law, when it can be pronounced and what the grounds for refusal are.Using supranational law, the requirements that a remedy must meet to be effective are examined. It concludes that a remedy is effective if it can enforce substantive rights, can be deployed in a timely manner, has a deterrent function and is proportionate.Three themes are then used to examine whether the national regime is in line with those requirements. In that regard, the role and freedom of the courts, the situation where performance has become impossible, and collective actions against the government are examined.The conclusion is that the national regulation is adequate. Show less
De doelstelling van dit onderzoek is het begrip 'bevrijdend verweer' nader te definiëren, het begrip af te bakenen en structuur in het leerstuk aan te brengen. Een systematische, overzichtelijke... Show moreDe doelstelling van dit onderzoek is het begrip 'bevrijdend verweer' nader te definiëren, het begrip af te bakenen en structuur in het leerstuk aan te brengen. Een systematische, overzichtelijke ordening is hierbij leidraad. De reeds bestaande inzichten over het begrip zijn in het onderzoek verwerkt. Het boek biedt zowel verdieping als praktische toepasbaarheid; het onderzoek beoogt niet alleen de wetenschap te dienen, maar vooral ook de civiele procespraktijk. De insteek is pragmatisch; een zo efficiënt mogelijk gevoerde civiele procedure is voor de rechtspraktijk van groot belang. Aan de praktijkjurist worden instrumenten geboden om een goede analyse te kunnen maken van de stelplicht en bewijslast in een te behandelen zaak; niet alleen aan verweerder ingeval van een mogelijk beroep op bevrijdend verweer, maar ook aan eiser om te kunnen anticiperen op een mogelijk bevrijdend verweer. Regelmatig worden illustratieve praktijkvoorbeelden en processuele tips gegeven. De (relatief) korte (sub)paragrafen van het boek zijn zodanig opgebouwd dat het boek tevens als naslagwerk kan dienen. Het is van belang dat een praktijkjurist zijn bewijsrechtelijke positie kan bepalen op basis van de feitelijke grondslag en weet te anticiperen op de waarschijnlijke bewijslastverdeling. Een advies om al dan niet te gaan procederen of verweer te voeren wint dan aan zeggingskracht. Een goede analyse van de wederzijdse stellingen en de daaraan verbonden rechtsgevolgen is daarbij startpunt. Vooraf moet een oordeel worden gevormd over de haalbaarheid van een procedure in verband met eventuele procesrisico's. Veel gespecialiseerde praktijkjuristen opereren in bepaalde echtsgebieden en zijn zich er soms niet van bewust dat bewijsrechtelijke beslissingen samenhangen met het algemene bewijsrecht, waaronder begrepen regels inzake bevrijdende verweren. Het boek beoogt een gefundeerde toepassing in de rechtspraktijk van het bevrijdend verweer te bewerkstelligen zodat het begrip 'bevrijdend verweer' meer inhoudt dan een toverformule. Show less
I began this book with the observation that top remuneration in the Netherlands causes commotion and social unrest. Among other things, this unrest has led to remuneration legislation, which in the... Show moreI began this book with the observation that top remuneration in the Netherlands causes commotion and social unrest. Among other things, this unrest has led to remuneration legislation, which in the eyes of some is too intrusive and encounters legal objections. Intervention in wages is certainly not new; after World War II, the Dutch government sometimes interfered intensively with wage development. There were various reasons and justifications for this, such as economic stability, control of government spending and proportional income distribution. Partly under the influence of ILO standards on collective bargaining freedom, the role of government, more specifically in the capacity of legislator, in wage setting has diminished. In the 21st century, until now, the emphasis has been on regulating top pay. The public outcry about it obviously plays a role in this, but many other reasons have been advanced to justify this government intervention. These include prudent use of public funds and reducing financial incentives through rewarding undesirable or even risky behavior. Although the context of and reasons for intervening in top pay differ from previous pay measures, the question remains whether the government, the legislature, may do so. In this dissertation, I examined where the main legal limits of legal intervention in top pay lie. To what extent can the Dutch government legally intervene in top pay? I examined two fundamental rights, being the right to property and the right to free collective bargaining, and concurrence with equivalent remuneration standards to determine these limits. Show less
Het proefschrift is feitelijk een bestuurskundig vervolg op het bestuurshistorische boek ‘Betwist bestuur – Wijkraden en deelgemeenten in Rotterdam’ (2017) van dezelfde auteur. In het proefschrift... Show moreHet proefschrift is feitelijk een bestuurskundig vervolg op het bestuurshistorische boek ‘Betwist bestuur – Wijkraden en deelgemeenten in Rotterdam’ (2017) van dezelfde auteur. In het proefschrift is een uitvoerige samenvatting van dit boek opgenomen.In beide geschriften wordt vooral het bestuurlijk besluitvormingsproces inzake binnengemeentelijke territoriale decentralisatie van bestuur in Rotterdam beschreven, zoals vormgegeven door de Rotterdamse gemeenteraad en het college van burgemeester en wethouders. Meer concreet gaat het om de politiek-bestuurlijke besluitvorming op ‘de Coolsingel’ betreffende de instelling van wijkraden en deelgemeenten in Rotterdam tussen 1947 en 2014. In dat laatste jaar werden de deelgemeenten in Rotterdam en Amsterdam door een wijziging van de Gemeentewet opgeheven.In het proefschrift wordt de empirie, zoals beschreven in het boek ‘Betwist bestuur’ uit 2017, aan een bestuurskundige heranalyse onderworpen. Dit geschiedt aan de hand van drie bestuurskundige modellen om complexe besluitvormingsprocessen te reconstrueren: het fasenmodel, het stromenmodel en het rondenmodel. Door de bestuurskundige heranalyse komt met name de proceskant van het bestuurlijke besluitvormingsproces over decentraal bestuur in Rotterdam scherper in beeld. Succes- en faalfactoren om het primaire beleidsdoel – het beter betrekken van de Rotterdammers bij het bestuur van de gemeente en van delen daarvan – te bereiken, kunnen beter worden herkend. Show less
Universiteiten zijn parttime ondernemingen. Ze zetten bedrijven op, adviseren overheden en bedrijven en verstrekken durfkapitaal aan start-ups. Deze vormen van academisch ondernemerschap worden... Show moreUniversiteiten zijn parttime ondernemingen. Ze zetten bedrijven op, adviseren overheden en bedrijven en verstrekken durfkapitaal aan start-ups. Deze vormen van academisch ondernemerschap worden verricht door instituten die worden bekostigd uit publieke middelen. Maar wie de Wet op het hoger onderwijs en wetenschappelijk onderzoek (WHW) er op naslaat zal daarin geen normen over academisch ondernemerschap vinden. Deze normen moeten worden gezocht in diverse juridisch bindende en niet-juridisch bindende documenten. In dit proefschrift is onderzocht op welke wijze het academisch ondernemerschap in Nederland wordt genormeerd en in hoeverre deze normering duidelijk is voor actoren binnen universiteiten en andere betrokkenen. Om deze vraag te beantwoorden zijn perspectieven betrokken vanuit het onderwijs(bekostigings)recht, het Europees staatssteunrecht en de academischevrijheid & wetenschappelijke integriteit. Daarin gelden diverse normen die zijn gebaseerd op uitgangspunten zoals de doelmatige besteding van publieke middelen door universiteiten, eerlijke concurrentie met particuliere ondernemers die geen publiek geld ontvangen, publicatievrijheid en het tegengaan van belangenverstrengeling. In dit proefschrift zijn de normen geanalyseerd en onduidelijkheden daarin aangewezen. Show less
