Résumé de la thèse Cette thèse porte sur le rapport entre communication, pouvoir et violence au Tchad depuis la pénétration coloniale jusqu’à la période postindépendance. Les régions du Moyen... Show moreRésumé de la thèse Cette thèse porte sur le rapport entre communication, pouvoir et violence au Tchad depuis la pénétration coloniale jusqu’à la période postindépendance. Les régions du Moyen-Chari et du Guéra illustrent cette problématique structurant l’interaction communication, pouvoir et violence au Tchad. Ce territoire connut des violences multiformes liées à la mise en place et à l’usage des systèmes de communication. Pendant la colonisation, l’instauration de l’autorité coloniale sur ce vaste territoire avait nécessité la création des voies de communication dont les réalisations ont été dramatiques pour les populations paysannes. Celles-ci étaient astreintes aux corvées de portage des matériels militaires et des travaux forcés. Pendant, les guerres civiles postindépendances, les systèmes de communication ont été intégrés dans les stratégies de violences. Les routes et les divers moyens de l’information et de transport constituent des enjeux stratégiques pour lesquels les forces militaires en guerre projettent la violence sur les populations rurales. Les nouvelles technologies de l’information et de communication révolutionnent l’organisation des forces rebelles et les stratégies de guerre au Tchad sans exclure les violences sur les populations. Cependant, les guerres civiles successives ont gravement impacté sur la conduite de l’appareil étatique tchadien. Show less
Why did a conflict between a majority of settlers (Konkomba), claiming equal citizenship, and a minority of autochtons (Nanumba) produce both Ghana's largest incidents of ethnic cleansing and a... Show moreWhy did a conflict between a majority of settlers (Konkomba), claiming equal citizenship, and a minority of autochtons (Nanumba) produce both Ghana's largest incidents of ethnic cleansing and a subsequent ominous calm? Analysing the post-1996 peace accord Konkomba/Nanumba coexistence against their violent past and in Ghana's political context as one of Africa's promising nations, this ethnography shows that the conflict has two forms. One is sovereign violence and another is a persistent silence in relation to legalistic speeches. Breaking out of these forms may not so much require a reconciliation, as peace brokers proposed, but a political compromise. Martijn Wienia studied Cultural Anthropology, Development Sociology and African Studies at Leiden University. Currently, he works as policy officer with the WOTRO Science for Global Development division of the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) in The Hague. Show less
This project focuses on the political manifestations that can be found in the Argentinean film productions made after the dictatorship, since 1983 until nowadays. The proposed path relates the... Show moreThis project focuses on the political manifestations that can be found in the Argentinean film productions made after the dictatorship, since 1983 until nowadays. The proposed path relates the works with their socio-political, historical and cultural context, and allows the understanding of the transformations of the links (both ethic and aesthetic) between the filmed world and its referents This tesis posits that the memory of the violence that took place in this country during the 70s imprinted a significant mark in the articulation of discursive worlds as well as in any Argentine artistic production. It also considers the memory as a practice that acts in the Argentine collective imaginary, incorporating more extended historical periods that, in terms of causes and consequences, precede the last dictatorship and extend themselves into the present. Thus, the notion of memory is the focus that links the past events with every specific present, and, simultaneously, it is the hermeneutical frame of a research based on a corpus formed by diverse expressive genres. The specific systems of representation of those political events, whose impact manifested itself in the accounted period, are analyzed. We analyze the (fictional and documentary) film figurations of the myths and narrations of the peronismo (a contradictory political movement) and the ways of social irruption revealed in a climate of popular revolt that accompanied profound economical and institutional-political crisis at the dawning of this century. Show less
The aim of this thesis is to explore in which way Latin American novels from the last decade of the twentieth century represent urban violence. These novele are: Plata quemada by Ricardo Piglia, La... Show moreThe aim of this thesis is to explore in which way Latin American novels from the last decade of the twentieth century represent urban violence. These novele are: Plata quemada by Ricardo Piglia, La pesquisa by Juan José Saer and La virgen de los sicarios by Fernando Vallejo. All three display extreme forms of violence. Frequently, this violence seems to position itself at the edge of reason or at least at the edge of what Jacques Lacan would refer to as symbolic order. These novels are urban stories and are constructed according to the pattern of the classical genres of the modern city: the detective, the urban chronicle and the so-called non-fiction. At the core, the novels on violence seem to be telling the same story: the failure of the modern project in Latin America and in any case the decadence of an imaginary, understood as a series of shared images that consolidate the community. There is a decline in them, an adversity, an “anthropological machine” that has finally exhausted itself after a hundred years. The reader is obliged to look again and reconstruct these texts through which he discovers the scandal of everyday violence and history’s hell. Show less
