The development of class cleavages in Chile in the 20th century has been notable for its similarity to European cases, which gave rise to important socialist left-wing parties. However, the Chilean... Show moreThe development of class cleavages in Chile in the 20th century has been notable for its similarity to European cases, which gave rise to important socialist left-wing parties. However, the Chilean left was characterised by its revolutionary socialist project channelled through the legal and democratic means of the time, known as the Chilean road to socialism. This thesis seeks to explain the formation of this project through a historical analysis of the development of socialism as a political expression of the class cleavage in Chile between 1891 and 1938. To this end, the study focuses on the ideological dimension of cleavages, with emphasis on three specific aspects of ideological groups: their strategic configurations, their organisational forms, and their political adaptability. The thesis reconstructs the ideological trajectory of the various socialist currents of the period, whose strategies and organizations encompassed a wide range of both institutional and extra-institutional projects. Through this analysis, it identifies the ideological patterns that facilitated or hindered certain socialist groupings from successfully channelling their respective political projects and eventually integrating themselves into the Chilean party system. Show less
The neoliberal model of development was imposed in Chile by the Pinochet military regime (1973-1990) and remained almost unchanged following democratic restoration in 1990. Nonetheless, as of 2010,... Show moreThe neoliberal model of development was imposed in Chile by the Pinochet military regime (1973-1990) and remained almost unchanged following democratic restoration in 1990. Nonetheless, as of 2010, this neoliberal model has been increasingly contested by the left-wing sectors and especially by the rise of new social movements, which has visibly affected the degree of legitimacy neoliberalism possesses amongst the Chilean population.This scenario has brought with it the rise of new actors within the Chilean Right who have contested the hegemony of the old political and intellectual leaders in this sector. These new actors have tried intensely to lead the political and ideological renewal process of the Chilean right-wing. While one sector of these new actors has developed a critical view of the existing neoliberal economic model and is attempting to reformulate their ideological postulates, the other sector argues that only tactical and pragmatic adaptations are required.This study explores the processes of political and ideological renewal that the Chilean Right has experienced between 1990 and 2018. To do so, this dissertation pays attention to the long-term history of the Chilean right-wing, while is also focused on a series of initiatives of renewal currently led by a young generation of right-wing intellectuals established in new think tanks. Show less
