The Chinese economy has undergone large-scale changes since the implementation of the“reform and opening to the outside world” (gaige kaifang) policy in 1978. Thistransformation is reflected in... Show moreThe Chinese economy has undergone large-scale changes since the implementation of the“reform and opening to the outside world” (gaige kaifang) policy in 1978. Thistransformation is reflected in collective labour relations, which have evolved from anenvironment of harmony between labour and employer during the command economy toconflict between these forces in the present socialist market economy. This situation hasarisen as a result of the diversification of employer ownership in the course of theeconomic reforms. Marxist-Leninist arguments are no longer convincing for workers,especially those in the non-state economy who face particularly harsh workingconditions. Following the wave of strikes in the summer of 2010, labour relations inChina began to take on a more collective character. The increasing number of collectiveactions by workers is in tension with the labour law system, which was designed mainlyto protect and to resolve labour issues involving individuals Show less
This thesis explores the chemistry of interstellar and circumstellar molecules during star formation and death. From the perspective of chemical physics, the most important outcome of this thesis... Show moreThis thesis explores the chemistry of interstellar and circumstellar molecules during star formation and death. From the perspective of chemical physics, the most important outcome of this thesis lies in that the rates for two important reactions are determined accurately for the first time: N2 photodissociation and reaction rates (both state-to-state and thermal) of OH with H. In particular, accurate N2 photodissociation rate and shielding functions were calculated. The results are very useful in many astrophysical fields. In addition, a new method for accurately calculating molecular shielding functions in full 3D radiation field was proposed, and was employed to give new predictions for molecule distributions in a C-rich AGB star, IRC +10216, and an O-rich AGB star, IK Tau, based on the latest progress from both observations and simulations. By far, these results are the most accurate ones, and can be directly compared to the future observations. Show less