This thesis consists of eight chapters. In Chapters 2 and 3, theapplication of AFM to biological systems is explored, both in air and inliquid. Chapter 2 deals with atomic force microscopy in air... Show moreThis thesis consists of eight chapters. In Chapters 2 and 3, theapplication of AFM to biological systems is explored, both in air and inliquid. Chapter 2 deals with atomic force microscopy in air and, as anexample, contains a study of filaments found in dividing yeast cells.Chapter 3 describes atomic force microscopy in liquid, both in contactmode and in tapping mode.In Chapters 4, 5, and 6 we discuss all steps that have to betaken in order to make the high-resolution MRFM experimentdescribed in Chapter 7 possible. As a first step, Chapter 4 provides amethod for immobilizing well-separated single molecules for AFMstudies in liquid. Next, in Chapter 5, the use of carbon nanotubes asAFM tips for molecular recognition force microscopy is discussed, anda description is given of the fabrication process of single-walled andmulti-walled carbon nanotube AFM tips. In Chapter 6, the last step isdiscussed: chemical characterization and functionalization of carbonnanotubes. In Chapter 7, all steps come together, and first results ofmolecular recognition force microscopy experiments on pea lectin andon mannan binding lectin are shown and discussed.To conclude, Chapter 8 provides a summarizing discussion andan outlook. Show less
Deel I Op het breukvlak van Osmaans Sultanaat en Turkse RepubliekDeel II - Twee tijdgenoten: Tevfik Fikret en Mehmet Akif ErsoyDeel III - Yahya Kemal Beyatli: Eski Siir Rüzgariyla, Rubailer ve... Show moreDeel I Op het breukvlak van Osmaans Sultanaat en Turkse RepubliekDeel II - Twee tijdgenoten: Tevfik Fikret en Mehmet Akif ErsoyDeel III - Yahya Kemal Beyatli: Eski Siir Rüzgariyla, Rubailer ve Hayyam / Kwatrijnen en Khayam, Kendi Gök KubbemizDeel IV - De receptie en waardering van de poëzie van Yahya Kemal Bayatli Show less
The Milky Way is the cornerstone of our understanding of galaxies. The structureand kinematics of its gas and stars can be studied in unique detail due totheir relative proximity. However, being... Show moreThe Milky Way is the cornerstone of our understanding of galaxies. The structureand kinematics of its gas and stars can be studied in unique detail due totheir relative proximity. However, being located well within the Galactic diskand thereby observing the Milky Way in nonlinear projection makes it difcultto properly map its large-scale morphology.One of the interesting ndings has been that observations of molecular lineemission (CO, HI) and stellar motions show signatures of a Galactic Bar in the innerGalaxy. However, its characteristics such as elongation, thickness and viewingangle are still poorly constrained. One of the main obstacles has been thestrong obscuration by interstellar dust toward the inner Galaxy, which makesoptical studies of the stellar population in that region almost impossible. Theextinction is less severe at near- and mid-infrared wavelengths. To characterisethe structure and formation history of the Milky Way, several infrared surveyswere conducted during the past decade: ISOGAL, MSX, DENIS, 2MASS. Thesedata contain a wealth of information on the structure of the stellar populationsthat has yet to be fully analysed. Having entered a golden age for Galactic astronomy,soon even more detailed imaging and spectroscopy will be provided bythe Spitzer Space Telescope, while the GAIA satellite will provide unprecedentedastrometry.My thesis research has focused on the structure and stellar population of theinner 4 kpc of the Milky Way. I have analysed data from recent infrared surveysand obtained SiO radio maser line observations of late-type giants to study thestar formation history and the gravitational potential of the inner Galaxy. Withages ranging from less than 1 to 15 Gyr, the infrared-luminous late-type giantstars are representative of the bulk of the Galactic stellar population, and hencetrace its star formation history. Their spatial abundance variation maps the stellarmass distribution, and thereby probes the Galactic gravitational potential. Thereddening of their spectral energy distribution can be used to map the interstellarextinction. Their envelopes often emit strong molecular masers (OH, SiO) thatcan be detected throughout the Galaxy, and through the precise measurement ofthe maser line velocity they reveal the stars' line-of-sight velocities. Thereforethey are ideal tracers of the Galactic kinematics and gravitational potential. Show less
Today Arctic clothing is an important research topic. The first European researchers were fascinated by the Greenlander’s sophisticated technology, and they brought clothing, kayaks and hunting... Show moreToday Arctic clothing is an important research topic. The first European researchers were fascinated by the Greenlander’s sophisticated technology, and they brought clothing, kayaks and hunting equipment back to Europe. Researchers still admire the quality of the techniques used to produce a balanced material culture that was perfectly adapted to the Arctic environment. Fur clothing was much better suited to meet the Arctic challenges than the Europeans’ woolen garments. Nevertheless, Inuit clothing changed rapidly under the influence of European culture. Nowadays, Greenlanders wear baseball caps, military jackets and Nike shoes. Compared to the excellent hand-made fur clothing of the Inuit, European mass-produced fabrics seem to represent a step backwards. Why did the East Greenlanders break with the traditions of their ancestors? Why did they abandon most of their perfectly adapted and beautiful fur clothing, and why did they adopt new styles of dress? This book discusses the social implications of the changes in the clothing of Tunumiit (East Greenlanders)1 in relation to processes of social and cultural change in the East Greenlandic societyDit proefschrift is uitgegeven in de reeksen: CNWS Publications en Mededelingen van het Rijksmuseum voor Volkenkunde ; no. 32 CNWS Publications en Mededelingen van het Rijksmuseum voor Volkenkunde no. 32 Show less
Katwijk aan Zee is altijd een gesloten gemeenschap geweest. Daardoor is het dialect er goed bewaard gebleven. Maar wat gebeurt er met het dialect als de standaardtaal meer invloed krijgt?In Dialect... Show moreKatwijk aan Zee is altijd een gesloten gemeenschap geweest. Daardoor is het dialect er goed bewaard gebleven. Maar wat gebeurt er met het dialect als de standaardtaal meer invloed krijgt?In Dialect en dialectverandering in Katwijk aan Zee worden de veranderingen in kaart gebracht die zich in deze tijd in het Katwijks voltrekken. Het Katwijks verandert, maar het verandert niet in alle opzichten even sterk. Sommige onderdelen uit het dialect blijken stabieler te zijn dan andere. Uit eerder onderzoek is een zogenaamde stabiliteitshiërarchie afgeleid, met deze rangorde (van meer naar minder stabiel): de fonetiek, de syntaxis, de bijwoorden, de lexicale fonologie, de morfologie en de inhoudswoorden. Doel van het dialectonderzoek in Katwijk is in de eerste plaats de stabiliteitshiërarchie aan een nader onderzoek te onderwerpen. In de tweede plaats wordt nagegaan in welke mate bepaalde factoren, zoals frequentie, hierop van invloed zijn.Voor het onderzoek zijn 84 dialectsprekers geïnterviewd. Het boek bevat een uitgebreide en overzichtelijke grammatica, waardoor het een naslagwerk is voor iedereen die meer wil weten van het Katwijks dialect. Show less
