Borders define jurisdictions. To uphold borders is to claim jurisdiction; to claim the right to decide on the law. The nation state makes such a claim. It seeks jurisdiction over a particular... Show moreBorders define jurisdictions. To uphold borders is to claim jurisdiction; to claim the right to decide on the law. The nation state makes such a claim. It seeks jurisdiction over a particular territory. By implication, the nation state also acknowledges that other jurisdictions may apply beyond that territory. Borders work two-ways, and while they grant the nation state exclusive jurisdiction, they also limit the nation state’s claims to the designated territory. Supranationalism and multiculturalism undermine the idea of exclusive territorial jurisdiction. Supranationalism grants institutions the power to break through national borders and to overrule the nation state’s territorial arrangements. In this way, borders become increasingly porous. Multiculturalism, meanwhile, not only deligitimizes the nation state’s borders by weakening the collective identity of the people living behind them; it also encourages religious sub-groups to invoke rules from beyond the nation state’s borders, thereby undermining the very idea of territorial jurisdiction. ‘God’s heart has no borders’, to put it bluntly. Supranationalism and multiculturalism are thus antithetical to national sovereignty and to the borders therein implied. Supranationalism dilutes sovereignty, and so brings about the gradual dismantling of borders from the outside; multiculturalism weakens nationality, thus delegitimizing their existence altogether from the inside. !e idea of political organization that fundamentally opposes supranationalism and multiculturalism – the idea of the nation state – has been declared ‘outdated’ and ‘irrelevant’ by an overwhelming number of commentators. Yet while supranationalism and multiculturalism have dominated politics and academia over the last several decades, their popularity is questionable and debates about national identity divide most European countries at present. Show less
Van Esch onderzocht het gebruik van de expertise van gedragrechtskundigen in 123 soms zware (straf)zaken in zes arrondissementen: Amsterdam, Arnhem, Assen, Breda, Den Bosch en Dordrecht. Ze zag -... Show moreVan Esch onderzocht het gebruik van de expertise van gedragrechtskundigen in 123 soms zware (straf)zaken in zes arrondissementen: Amsterdam, Arnhem, Assen, Breda, Den Bosch en Dordrecht. Ze zag - soms grote - verschillen. Deze hebben betrekking op de gang van zaken bij de inschakeling van gedragsdeskundigen, methoden van onderzoek, wijze van verslaglegging en gebruik van de rapportages tussen de arrondissementen. Het betreft zowel het voldoen aan verplichtingen als het gebruikmaken van bevoegdheden. Show less
Moeliono heeft gekeken naar de ruimtelijke ordening, op papier en in de praktijk. Hij vraagt zich af of de Indonesische wetgeving burgers voldoende beschermt tegen onrechtmatig optreden van de... Show moreMoeliono heeft gekeken naar de ruimtelijke ordening, op papier en in de praktijk. Hij vraagt zich af of de Indonesische wetgeving burgers voldoende beschermt tegen onrechtmatig optreden van de overheid. Dat blijkt helaas niet het geval. De lokale overheid is eenzijdig gericht op economische groei en voert een weinig consistent beleid op het gebied van ruimtelijke ordening. Bovendien blijkt de wetgeving niet eenduidig te zijn, wanneer burgers verdreven dreigen te worden en voor hun rechten willen opkomen. Vergunningen In praktijk vormen vergunningen het belangrijkste beleidsinstrument voor het grondgebruik. Bovenop de bestuursstructuur, gedecentraliseerd na de val van Soeharto, is nu een top-down planningsmechanisme gelegd. Verwarring alom. Ambtenaren bepalen tot in detail wat wel en wat niet mag, zonder daarbij veel aandacht te schenken aan de lokale bevolking. Zelfs als de vergunningverlening duidelijk in strijd is met de regels, is het moeilijk te achterhalen bij welke instantie je verhaal kunt halen. Moeliono’s case studies van West-Java en Bandung leveren zo een somber beeld op van de ruimtelijke ordening. Die zou alleen kunnen verbeteren door de wetgeving grondig te herzien en de bestuurspraktijk te veranderen. Show less
Today, about 1 billion people are estimated to live in ‘slums’ worldwide. This number will only grow and urban poverty worsen unless radical measures are taken. While it is generally acknowledged... Show moreToday, about 1 billion people are estimated to live in ‘slums’ worldwide. This number will only grow and urban poverty worsen unless radical measures are taken. While it is generally acknowledged in the international development debate that breaking the circle of poverty requires multiple strategies, there is renewed attention for approaches that centre on the issue of tenure security. This means landholders are protected against involuntary removal from the land on which they reside, unless through due process of law and payment of proper compensation. The prevailing approach to the provision of tenure security is land registration. And while the land registration approach currently dominates policy, there has been little research into the effects of registration, particularly in urban areas. What research has been conducted, contests the benefits of this approach. As a result, we witness increasing interest in alternative approaches which generally combine protective administrative or legal measures against eviction with the provision of basic services and credit facilities. The author describes and analyses the extent to which formal, semiformal, and informal tenure arrangements that can be found in kampongs (typical low-income settlements) in Indonesia provide tenure security to the country’s urban poor, particularly since 1998, when Indonesia embarked on an ambitious political and legal reform programme. The author reviews the current legal framework that applies to urban land tenure in Indonesia. In addition, based on rich material that was acquired through empirical research in the city of Bandung, there are a number of case studies presented in which the urban poor’s tenure security was put to the test. Finally, drawing on statistical data, the author analyses the urban poor’s perceptions regarding their tenure security and whether and, if so, how this influences their housing investment behaviour. Following this analysis, the author evaluates the socio-economic benefits of current approaches to attaining tenure security. And with these findings, there are policy suggestions and contributions to theory formation presented to further the current international development debate on tenure security. Show less
Harming Others expounds what the author calls universal subjectivism, which is a cosmopolitan theory of political philosophy that deals with global justice, non-human animals and future generations... Show moreHarming Others expounds what the author calls universal subjectivism, which is a cosmopolitan theory of political philosophy that deals with global justice, non-human animals and future generations. Although its main focus is political philosophy, the theory has wide applications to contemporary moral and environmental issues, ranging from environmental degradation to social welfare and gay rights. The book combines Peter Singer__s applied philosophy with John Rawls__ social contract theory. The objective of the theory of universal subjectivism is, in the best tradition of the Enlightenment, to help to make the world a better place. The procedural ethical theory of universal subjectivism can be a tool for improving how to live our lives and how to organize society and the global community, now and in the future. Central to it is an accessible thought experiment, which can expand the moral circle by shedding light on moral blind spots. Universal subjectivism expands Rawls, by using Peter Singer__s thought. In this way, Harming Others could also be seen as contributing to a fuller and more comprehensive Singerian political theory. The theory of universal subjectivism is easy to apply, but difficult to implement (that is the tragedy). Because it is a procedural theory, readers are invited to do their own thinking, and, __miraculously__ attain a degree of consensus. Show less
The concepts, policies, laws and practices regarding community-based forest management have changed over time. However, their objective is constant, namely to fight forest destruction and poverty... Show moreThe concepts, policies, laws and practices regarding community-based forest management have changed over time. However, their objective is constant, namely to fight forest destruction and poverty and to resolve conflicts regarding forest tenure. Securing community forest tenure is a way for achieving this objective. Forest tenure security, however, requires more than legalisation of community property rights by state law. It results from an interplay between state and/or community normative systems, actual practices and actors’ perceptions. Legalisation of rights by state institutions is only one facet of security, more specifically legal security of forest tenure that will be determined by the rights’ robustness, proper duration and strong legal protection. The security of community forest tenure will be also achieved through the ability of social norms to secure the rights of ordinary people. In addition, the consistent enforcement of the rules or norms by the officials or local authorities is necessary and the behaviour of these officials and local authorities must be in line with the interests and perception of the majority of community members. Last but not least, efforts of securing communities’ rights must take into consideration the specific history of land tenure and conflicts. Show less
This book focuses on the observationes tumultuariae of Cornelis van Bijnkershoek and the observationes tumultuariae novae of his son-in-law Willem Pauw. Between 1704 and 1787, therefore during... Show moreThis book focuses on the observationes tumultuariae of Cornelis van Bijnkershoek and the observationes tumultuariae novae of his son-in-law Willem Pauw. Between 1704 and 1787, therefore during virtually the entire eighteenth century, both these judges and presidents of the Supreme Court of Holland, Zeeland and West Friesland recorded their opinions about the judgements of the Supreme Court on paper for their own personal use. There are a total of more than five thousand observationes, of which 186 relate in full or in part to commercial partnerships. This book describes these specific cases of commercial partnerships the Court dealt with, the rise of corporations, and company law in general. Show less
This thesis intends to identify the systemic causes of corruption in China’s courts by firstly investigating how corruption is carried out in China’s courts. It employs an analytical framework,... Show moreThis thesis intends to identify the systemic causes of corruption in China’s courts by firstly investigating how corruption is carried out in China’s courts. It employs an analytical framework, which treats corruption as a four-phase contracting process, namely 1) the phase of initiation of the exchange; 2) the phase of negotiation of the exchange; 3) the phase of contractual performance; and 4) the phase of enforcement of the contract in case of non-performance. This framework is employed in an endeavor to analyze the empirical data collected from various sources and to demonstrate in details the features and patterns of corrupt conduct in each of the four phases so as to identify more accurately which factor(s) has(have) facilitated corruption in China’s courts. In doing that, the thesis identifies two phases that are most critical to the completion of corrupt exchange. The first phase is the initiation phase, in which corrupt intent is communicated between potential exchange parties. The second phase is the phase of contractual performance, especially that of the bribed. These two phases are further examined, demonstrating how these two phases are completed by corruption participants in China’s courts and what factors have facilitated the process and contributed to its “success”. Show less
Omgevingsanalyse van onze samenleving toont aan dat door de toenemende informatisering privacyproblemen (identiteitsfraude, datalekken) zullen toenemen. Door gegevensontdekkende-, gegevensvolgende-... Show moreOmgevingsanalyse van onze samenleving toont aan dat door de toenemende informatisering privacyproblemen (identiteitsfraude, datalekken) zullen toenemen. Door gegevensontdekkende-, gegevensvolgende- en gegevenskoppelende technologieën erodeert de privacy van de burger in onze risico-toezichtmaatschappij ernstig. Het vertrouwen in het gebruik van ICT en het elektronisch zaken doen komt hierdoor sterk onder druk te staan.Er bestaat uitvoerige Europese wet- en regelgeving om onze privacy te beschermen. In dit boek is deze wetgeving geanalyseerd. De wetsartikelen die direct betrekking hebben op de verwerking van persoonsgegevens kunnen beschouwd worden als de juridische specificaties voor het ontwerp van informatiesystemen. De wetgeving verplicht tot een privacyrisico analyse voorafgaande aan het gebruik van informatiesystemen. Dit vindt nauwelijks plaats. In dit boek worden zeven privacy bedreigingsanalyses (o.a PIA) besproken. Met de privacyrisicoanalyse kan opdrachtgevers en ontwerpers van informatiesystemen de potentiële risico’s voor de privacy van de burger in kaart te brengen. Uit onderzoek is duidelijk geworden dat persoonsgegevens het best beschermd kunnen worden als bij de verwerking van de persoonsgegevens de identificeerde gegevens direct worden scheiden worden van andere gegevens. Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PET), die de juridische vereisten omzetten in technische specificaties, kunnen hiervoor zorgdragen. De inhoud, reikwijdte en succesvolle toepassingen van PET worden in dit boek uiteengezet.Aan de hand van de Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) theorie van Rogers kunnen de positieve en negatieve factoren voor organisaties worden vastgesteld, die van invloed zijn op het invoeren van identity en access management, privacy bescherming en de adoptie van PET voor de bescherming van persoonsgegevens. Bovendien is gebleken dat de maturiteit van de organisatie bepalend is of de organisatie aandacht besteedt aan privacybescherming. Met de in dit boek toegelichte Return On Investment (ROI) formules kan de economische rechtvaardiging voor privacy beschermende investeringen worden onderbouwd. Het boek sluit af met een stappenplan om privacyveilige informatiesystemen in organisaties te implementeren en doet tien aanbevelingen Show less
Gebonden door de computer We kopen en verkopen graag via internet. Steeds vaker worden daarbij handelingen verricht door de computer, zonder dat we toezien op elke individuele handeling ervan. Zo... Show moreGebonden door de computer We kopen en verkopen graag via internet. Steeds vaker worden daarbij handelingen verricht door de computer, zonder dat we toezien op elke individuele handeling ervan. Zo kunnen we met de veilingsite eBay automatisch een product kopen of verkopen: de site brengt automatisch biedingen uit, en neemt ze in ontvangst. Bol.com laat zijn webwinkel automatisch bestellingen in ontvangst nemen en automatisch bevestigen. De mens stelt de randvoorwaarden vast, maar de machine verricht de handeling. Dat er dingen fout kunnen gaan, moge duidelijk zijn. Op de website van postorderbedrijf Otto werd per abuis een TV te koop aangeboden voor nog geen tiende van de prijs. Binnen enkele dagen werden er 14.000 exemplaren besteld. Wie had het recht aan zijn kant? De Duitse rechter achtte een man gebonden aan de verkoop van zijn auto voor de helft van de prijs: hij was vergeten een minimumprijs in te vullen bij de internetveiling. Proefschrift “Automatisch contracteren” In zijn proefschrift, “Automatisch contracteren”, gaat Marten Voulon in op de vraag wanneer mensen gebonden zijn aan de handelingen van machines. Daarbij komen ook de hierboven genoemde voorbeelden aan de orde. Andere onderwerpen die in dit proefschrift aan de orde komen, zijn rechtssubjectiviteit voor machines, het moment van totstandkoming van een overeenkomst, algemene voorwaarden en de automatisch geplaatste elektronische handtekening. Show less
Constitutionalism is the permanent quest to control state power, of which the judicial review of legislation is a prime example. Although the judicial review of legislation is increasingly common... Show moreConstitutionalism is the permanent quest to control state power, of which the judicial review of legislation is a prime example. Although the judicial review of legislation is increasingly common in modern societies, it is not a finished project. This device still raises questions as to whether judicial review is justified, and how it may be structured. Yet, judicial review’s justification and its scope are seldom addressed in the same study, thereby making for an inconvenient divorce of these two related avenues of study. To narrow the divide, the object of this work is quite straightforward. Namely, is the idea of judicial review defensible, and what influences its design and scope? This work addresses these matters by comparing the judicial review of legislation in the United Kingdom (the Human Rights Act of 1998), the Netherlands (the Halsema Proposal of 2002) and the Constitution of South Africa of 1996. Show less
Mobile phones and other smart connected devices have fundamentally changed contemporary life. Globally, we see unprecedented explosion of new generation mobile phones. More precisely, mobile... Show moreMobile phones and other smart connected devices have fundamentally changed contemporary life. Globally, we see unprecedented explosion of new generation mobile phones. More precisely, mobile communication is nowadays really pervasive in social life. For instance, children and young persons are emerging as active players in the wonderful world of ringing and being ringed. Many of them are attracted by intriguing ring tones. However, the rapid mobile diffusion among children and young people raises a number of crucial questions. In what way do mobile phones pose a threat to children and young people in terms of content, contact, and commercialism? What impact does the use of mobile communication technology have on children and young people? How might we seek to address the inadequacies in the existing regulatory framework with regards to the protection of this vulnerable group? The purpose of our investigations is to compare the regulatory measures as adopted in Hong Kong with regulatory practices and arrangements of other jurisdictions. The main idea is to develop via comparison a viable regulatory strategy in mobile content regulation that is applicable in Hong Kong as well as worldwide. Show less
The thesis is concerned with the protection of users of Free Software. Free Software is available together with the rights to use, develop, and distribute them. The Free Software Definition... Show moreThe thesis is concerned with the protection of users of Free Software. Free Software is available together with the rights to use, develop, and distribute them. The Free Software Definition specifies the exact scope of these rights (called “user freedoms”). The thesis presents a reconstruction and an analysis of the model of the current framework that regulates the protection of the freedoms.The reconstructed framework consists of rules that enable users to exercise their freedoms, as well as the rules that limit or restrict users in exercising them (so-called “inefficiencies”). The main operational practices are analysed in the world of software communities and in the world of eGovernments.Properly organized communities are able to minimize many inefficiencies materially. eGovernments are able to affect how the inefficiencies of the current framework impact user freedoms. Whether eGovernments improve the protection of user freedoms depends on what type of an eGovernment is introduced (open or closed eGovernements).All in all, it follows from the given analysis that the freedoms are not sufficiently protected under the current framework. Given that finding, the thesis proposes improvements that should be implemented into the current framework so that the freedoms are adequately protected. Show less
In several continental Western European legal systems, a person may be liable in person or through his property for payment of a debt which is not his. Both personal surety and a pledge which has... Show moreIn several continental Western European legal systems, a person may be liable in person or through his property for payment of a debt which is not his. Both personal surety and a pledge which has been alienated by its owner come to mind. Under such circumstances, the question rises whether a creditor can attach the surety or the pledge before seeking payment from the debtor. According to classical Roman law, the creditor had a right to choose. However, emperor Justinian changed the law in this regard, forcing the creditor to first seek recourse against his debtor, even to the point of insolvency proceedings. This rule later became known as the ‘beneficium ordinis’ or ‘beneficium excussionis / discussionis’. Over the ages, the rule has come under severe attack, which resulted in it either being abandoned or modified, so as not to interfere with creditors’ rights. The author tracks these developments through the medieval European ‘ius commune’ into French law, Roman-Dutch law and modern Dutch law. The latter has extended the rule in 1992 for real security interests, while at the same time abandoning it for sureties. It is asserted that this was a mistake and the rule should be abolished entirely. Show less
Recente technologische ontwikkelingen en een toenemende belangstelling voor veiligheidsdenken hebben tot verschuivingen geleid in het privacyrecht. Een stringent privacyrecht staat mogelijk een... Show moreRecente technologische ontwikkelingen en een toenemende belangstelling voor veiligheidsdenken hebben tot verschuivingen geleid in het privacyrecht. Een stringent privacyrecht staat mogelijk een effectief optreden van de politie en het openbaar ministerie tegen onder meer terroristen, fraudeurs en veelplegers in de weg. Daarom worden ruimere bevoegdheden tot het gebruik van persoonsgegevens door politie en justitie noodzakelijk geacht. Om die reden is de Wet politieregisters (Wpolr) per 1 januari 2008 vervangen door de Wet politiegegevens (Wpolg). Diepgaand onderzoek naar de Wpolr leidde tot diverse knelpunten. De vraag is of de Wpolg in staat is de verwerking van politiegegevens effectie ver te waarborgen dan zijn voorganger. De auteur geeft op overzichtelijke wijze inzicht in de veranderingen in het wettelijk regime met de komst van de Wpolg. Het gaat dan om de bevoegdheden tot gegevensverwerking, het kennisnemingsrecht en controle en toezicht op politiële gegevensverwerking. Verder wordt ook de fundamentele vraag onderzocht welke belangen in het gedrang komen bij de verwerking van politiegegevens. Ons onderzoek geeft duidelijk aan dat door de Wpolg meer grondrechten beschermd zouden moeten worden dan het recht op privacy alleen. Met de komst van de Wpolg is de discussie over de reikwijdte en betekenis van de bevoegd - heden tot politiële gegevensverwerking dan ook geenszins ten einde, aldus de auteur. Show less
The PhD dissertation is centered on a specific legal phenomenon as occurred during a specified period of time and within a specific legal jurisdiction. The main purpose of the relevant research... Show moreThe PhD dissertation is centered on a specific legal phenomenon as occurred during a specified period of time and within a specific legal jurisdiction. The main purpose of the relevant research-study is not to introduce a new legal theory or to challenge any existing legal thoughts, but rather to share a valuable experience that took place in Indonesia legal system and its legal tradition. On the one hand, it is about a government program/undertaking that was carried out by the Indonesian Banking Restructuring Agency (“IBRA”) to confront and overcome the 1997 financial currency crisis and its’ adverse consequences. On the other hand, it is about “the legal bond” between the controlling shareholders of IBRA banks and the State of Indonesia, as regulated for and/or contracted in peculiar settlement agreements. The “Shareholder Settlement Program”, and the associated “settlement agreements”, contained many interesting matters that could be viewed, studied, debated, and elaborated from various disciplines of law and legislation, such as the administrative law, criminal law, banking law, corporate law, and contract law. Nevertheless, the PhD research-study will focus on particular juridical undertaking, i.e. “exchanges of promissory obligations and the fulfillment thereof” between owners of IBRA banks and IBRA under the auspices of the Shareholder Settlement Program. The actual execution of the program will be elaborated in analytical-descriptive manner, based on juridical-normative research methodology and empirical-illustrative analysis of the relevant research materials and tools. The research-study does not intend to address and answer all the inquiries and reservations pertaining to the Shareholder Settlement Program, and the associated legal bond between IBRA and IBRA banks’ owners, and focuses on the following focal points and inquiries: First, in light of the importance of safe and sound banking system, did the condition of the banking system in Indonesia in 1997 inevitably lead to the difficulties that endangered the sustainability of the national economy? Second, were the out-of-court method and mechanism of the Shareholder Settlement Program, a much-preferred alternative during the unprecedented systemic banking crisis and the economic meltdown in 1997? Third, were all shareholder settlement agreements under the auspices of the Shareholder Settlement Program valid and legally binding civil-law contracts? Fourth, were the judiciary’s stand-points on IBRA and the important mission of the Shareholder Settlement Program contributed positively to the prevailing legal system and tradition? In addition to the aforesaid line of thought, the research-study is also based on certain “theoretical framework” mainly aimed to answer specified questions regarding the probable existence of economic considerations/behavior behind the legal phenomenon as studied. The economic analysis of laws offers additional hindsight about the Shareholder Settlement Program and the relevant socio-economic perspectives. This type of analysis constitutes an important complementary element in the research-study undertaking, while focusing on “the out-of-court feature”, “the enforceability of settlement agreements”, and “the relevant judicial stand-points”. It is proposed by the research-study that there may have been more than one economic considerations and justifications behind the juridical events, and yet an economic theory of law will not capture the full complexity, richness, and perplexity surrounding the subject matters that it seek to illuminate. The research-study was motivated by the urge to share valuable experiences relating to the Indonesian legal system and the legal tradition, which may be useful for future references and decision making. Show less
A reconstruction of the Théorie du Pouvoir, the first and major work of the French philosopher Louis de Bonald, shows that this work is best being read along the lines of political classicism: its... Show moreA reconstruction of the Théorie du Pouvoir, the first and major work of the French philosopher Louis de Bonald, shows that this work is best being read along the lines of political classicism: its syllogistic structure consists of a philosophical (deductive) maior, a historical (empirical) minor, and the political conclusion that the aristocratic authority and corporative forms characteristic of the preabsolutist era rather than ancien régime monarchy should be restored. As much as a frontal attack on the French Revolution and its Enlightenment ideas it can be regarded as a subtle defense of the nobility’s cause against absolutist policies. The common view that Bonald was a champion of absolutism should be replaced by the view that he continued Montesquieu and prefigured Tocqueville. As an archetypical conservative Bonald cannot be said to be a mere precursor of fascism. This is demonstrated in the epilogue, which discusses the ways that Bonald’s ideas have been transmitted, adopted and transformed not just by the modern extreme-right but also by French royalism, German romanticism, panslavism, carlism, conservatism in Latin and Northern America, Dutch neocalvinism, French liberalism, the Catholic Church, corporatism, christian-democracy, the social sciences, socialism, anarchism, men of letters, esoteric traditionalism and islamic fundamentalism. Show less
This book is about the politics of nature conservation in late New Order and early Reformasi Indonesia. It approaches the subject through discourse analysis. Understanding politics as a struggle... Show moreThis book is about the politics of nature conservation in late New Order and early Reformasi Indonesia. It approaches the subject through discourse analysis. Understanding politics as a struggle for discourse hegemony it analyses both processes of policy- and lawmaking in Jakarta and of implementation in national parks, and their outcomes, and addresses a number of questions: Which discourses have dominated conservation policies and laws throughout history? How did Ministers, members of Parliament, state officials, NGOs and residents of national parks try to decide debates on conservation in their advantage? Which unwritten rules helped or constrained them in this effort? How did the struggle for discourse hegemony affect policy and law, policy- and lawmaking and implementation? Based on rich empirical case material the book argues that a multitude of discourses have come to co-exist which enabled actors to use arguments strategically, and that various actors have succeeded to mobilise discourses enabling them to participate in the debate without obligations. The results of this study go beyond participating in the debate on what element of sustainable development to focus on but link the policy debate to the debate on governance and rule of law. Show less
In haar proefschrift ‘De rechtspositie der Chinezen in Nederlands-Indië 1848-1942’, subtitel wetgevingsbeleid tussen beginsel en belang, beschrijft en analyseert Patricia Tjiook-Liem de... Show moreIn haar proefschrift ‘De rechtspositie der Chinezen in Nederlands-Indië 1848-1942’, subtitel wetgevingsbeleid tussen beginsel en belang, beschrijft en analyseert Patricia Tjiook-Liem de ontwikkelingen in die rechtspositie en het wetgevingsbeleid van de koloniale en rijkswetgever ten aanzien van deze bevolkingsgroep. Het juridisch dualisme in Nederlands-Indië, zoals dat verankerd was in het Regeringsreglement (de grondwet) van Nederlands-Indië en waarvoor ras en geloof als criteria dienden, betekende een afzonderlijk recht en een daarbijbehorende afzonderlijke rechtspraak voor de twee hoofdgroepen van de bevolking: Europeanen en Inlanders. Chinezen en andere oosterse, niet-inheemse bevolkingsgroepen waren als gelijkgestelden met Inlanders aan het begin van de onderzoeksperiode onderworpen aan het voor de inheemse bevolking geldende rechtssysteem. Aan het eind van de onderzoeksperiode was de rechtspositie der Chinezen vrijwel gelijk met die der Europeanen. Die ontwikkeling in de rechtspositie hing nauw samen met de betekenis die de Chinese bevolkingsgroep had voor het gouvernement. Het onderzoek beperkte zich niet alleen tot de vraag wat de rechtspositie der Chinezen op verschillende tijdstippen was, maar strekte zich ook uit over de vraag waarom die rechtspositie zo was en hoe deze als gevolg van het gevoerde wetgevingsbeleid werd gewijzigd. In zeven hoofdstukken, die ieder een afzonderlijk rechtsgebied omvatten waarin de bijzondere rechtspositie der Chinezen naar voren kwam, worden deze vragen beantwoord. Niet beginselen of de in de wet genoemde criteria van ras en geloof, maar pragmatisme en belangen van het gouvernement bleken doorslaggevende factoren te zijn geweest voor het wetgevingsbeleid. Voor het onderzoek is extensief archiefonderzoek verricht, waarbij niet eerder gebruikt archiefmateriaal werd geraadpleegd. Show less
Deze studie omvat een empirisch onderzoek naar de in 1975 ingestelde Werkgroep Alimentatienormen. Dit overleg verricht pionierswerk op het gebied van rechterlijke samenwerking en houdt zich nu ruim... Show moreDeze studie omvat een empirisch onderzoek naar de in 1975 ingestelde Werkgroep Alimentatienormen. Dit overleg verricht pionierswerk op het gebied van rechterlijke samenwerking en houdt zich nu ruim dertig jaar bezig met het bevorderen van een uniforme alimentatiehoogte in Nederland. Terwijl in het juridische debat over rechterlijke samenwerking vooral de principiële aspecten aan bod komen, geeft dit boek een empirische evaluatie van de prestaties van rechters als regelgevers op het terrein van alimentatie. Deze studie werd verricht in het kader van het facultaire onderzoeksprogramma Geschillenbeslechting, subproject rechterlijke samenwerking Show less
