This thesis concerns the traditional script of the Tuaregs, tifinagh. This script is a direct descendent of the Libyco-Berber script, which appeared in Northern Africa in the first millennium BCE.... Show moreThis thesis concerns the traditional script of the Tuaregs, tifinagh. This script is a direct descendent of the Libyco-Berber script, which appeared in Northern Africa in the first millennium BCE. Nowadays, it is used by most Tuareg populations in southern Algeria, Niger, Mali and Burkina Faso. The thesis focuses on the current form and usage of this script. On the basis of a large corpus of letter signs and texts gathered during fieldwork in Niger, and to a lesser extent Mali and Burkina Faso, the graphemic diversity of the script is shown, and the orthographic system is analyzed. The traditional Tifinagh script is basically consonantal, except for the fact that vowels are written in word-final position. Moreover, by means of ligatures, it is shown which consonants in a graphemic sequence are to be interpreted as a consonant cluster (in that case the ligature is used), and which are to be interpreted as consonants separated by a vowel in pronunciation (in that case two separated signs are used). The thesis also describes the many uses the Tifinagh script has in traditional usage. This ranges from personal administrative tasks to love letters and grafitti. It is shown that recently traditional Tifinagh have started to be used in printed media too. A new development is the creation of neo-Tifinagh systems - orthographies graphemically based on Tifinagh, but with different systems - esp. the introduction of vowel signs. The different proposals are analyzed as to their main inspirations, which are mainly the Arabic and the Latin script. The usage of these new systems is traced, both in personal contexts as in the printed media. The thesis also contains a chapter on the other two scripts in use for writing Tuareg, the Latin script and the Arabic script. For the first, it shows the history of orthograohic reforms in Niger and Mali since independence. For the latter, it provides a first analysis of the graphemes and orthography used in the age-old tradition of writing Tuareg in Arabic script. Show less
This book is a first comparative study of the Nuni dialects. Nuni is a Gurunsi-Gur language spoken in Burkina Faso. This dialectological study is based on new first hand lexical and sentential data... Show moreThis book is a first comparative study of the Nuni dialects. Nuni is a Gurunsi-Gur language spoken in Burkina Faso. This dialectological study is based on new first hand lexical and sentential data which are presented in the book. The lexical dialectological study shows that the dialect of Yatini (Silly) is closest to all the other dialects and shows the least differences. Impressionistic intercomprehension judgements from two different age groups of speakers shows that this dialect is best understood by speakers of other dialect. The study provides a motivated recommendation to choose this dialect as a dialect of reference for implementation of Nuni in the educational system. Such a recommendation is imminent in the light of the start of bilingual (French-Nuni) education the area. Show less
