In de loop van de eerste vier decennia van de twintigste eeuw dringt de poëzie vanaf 1880 door in bloemlezingen voor de hoogste klassen van gymnasium en h.b.s. In deze studie worden de overwegingen... Show moreIn de loop van de eerste vier decennia van de twintigste eeuw dringt de poëzie vanaf 1880 door in bloemlezingen voor de hoogste klassen van gymnasium en h.b.s. In deze studie worden de overwegingen om poëzie te bloemlezen en de keuzes die daaruit voortkomen van een vijftal bloemlezers (allen leraren) beschreven. Elk van hen propageert een methodiek om poëzie in de literatuurles te verwerken, van een open, globale kennismaking tot een intensieve analyse van een gedicht. Soms wordt een gedicht van een context voorzien maar doorgaans wordt een gedicht als zelfstandige tekst aangeboden. Naast deze bloemlezers brengt voordrachtskunstenaar Paul Huf ter ondersteuning van het onderwijs op een veertiental grammofoonplaten zijn gesproken bloemlezing. Zijn voordracht kan als voorbeeld dienen. Verder inventariseert deze studie de inhoud van 85 schoolbloemlezingen uit de periode 1898–1941 met in totaal 6758 gedichten van 254 dichters. Uit deze inventarisatie blijkt naast de voorkeur voor dichters uit de eerste jaren vanaf 1880 de vrij snelle popularisatie van anderen in de loop van de jaren 1920, 1930. Bloemlezers volgen op literair-historische gronden keuzes van voorgangers, daarnaast tonen zij een brede persoonlijke keuze. Schoolbloemlezingen representeren de voortgang van de contemporaine poëzieproductie en representeren het belang dat docenten voor de literatuurles hechten aan poëzie. Show less
This dissertation is about intra-EU workers and labour law related (bogus) constructions under which they work in the Netherlands and other EU member states.Through the following two main research... Show moreThis dissertation is about intra-EU workers and labour law related (bogus) constructions under which they work in the Netherlands and other EU member states.Through the following two main research questions this situation is outlined and analysed.1. To what extent do intra-EU workers in the Netherlands work under labour law related (bogus) constructions that (financially) disadvantage them?2. What are the perceptions of intra-EU workers regarding the use of labour law related (bogus) constructions and their working conditions and circumstances under which they work in the Netherlands and other EU member states?In each chapter of this thesis, these questions are elaborated into more specific research questions.In this research both legal and empirical research that fits within the Empirical Legal Studies (ELS) framework is conducted. Through this combination of research methods it was viable to link the collected empirical (interview) data to the legal data based on literature and case law research. Hence, the theory (law in books) was tested against facts and observations (law in action). Moreover, by establishing this link the present research adds a new and valuable dimension to current academic legal and social scientific research. Show less
Until now the Dutch women’s movement was mostly studied for a short period or in a single aspect, like one organisation. The choice for Leiden, a middle size Dutch town, made it possible to study... Show moreUntil now the Dutch women’s movement was mostly studied for a short period or in a single aspect, like one organisation. The choice for Leiden, a middle size Dutch town, made it possible to study the women’s movement as a whole over a long period of 130 years. This period included the so-called first feminist wave, with women’s suffrage as most prominent issue and the second with the abortion right movement as focus point, including the period in between. I analysed the wave movement that proved to be different for different organisations and showed an extra upheaval, a wave, in the 1930s. I also studied the relation of the women’s movement with – in the beginning - charitable women’s organisations, with other social movements, like the peace movement, and with political parties. The choice for Leiden also made it possible to go deeper into the background of the women (and men) involved in the women’s movement. The University proved to be a constant supplier of women for the women’s movement. Show less
The history of the Central African Republic (CAR) has been one of persistent violence, despite internal and external attempts to break the cycle of misfortune in the country. A number of factors... Show moreThe history of the Central African Republic (CAR) has been one of persistent violence, despite internal and external attempts to break the cycle of misfortune in the country. A number of factors are cited as determinants or amplifiers to explain this ever-renewed cycle of violence in the country, including a disastrous colonial legacy, poor governance, an abundance of natural resources in an uncontrolled territory, greed for power, the collapse of the state, or a combination of all or some of these non-exhaustive factors. However, over and above these not insignificant factors, we need to reconsider the weight of history and the role of young people as constants in the recurrent conflict in the Central African Republic. To explain the durability of this context of instability inscribed in a continuum, we propose the concept of the political arena, a situation of confrontation built up over the course of history, and within which a large number of young people are growing up with a limited agency. We conclude that young people in the CAR have ultimately become a usable resource, having been exploited in the same way as natural resources since pre-colonial and colonial times. Hence the reproduction and/or continuation of violent and recurrent conflicts in the Central African Republic. Show less
The theme of this dissertation, Jewish music and Jewish musical thinking, suggests a specific Jewish way of thinking about music that cannot be separated from cult and religion.The Tanakh, Mishnah... Show moreThe theme of this dissertation, Jewish music and Jewish musical thinking, suggests a specific Jewish way of thinking about music that cannot be separated from cult and religion.The Tanakh, Mishnah and Talmud, provide much information about music and musical thinking in general and culture and liturgy in particular. Answers are given to what Jewish music is not, but from what is meant by Jewish music clear answers are missing.In this dissertation, the focus is on seeking and finding answers to synagogue music—the hazzanut—from which all Jewish music originates. Attention is given to how the construction and use of synagogue organs and synagogue organ music indirectly answer what Jews may mean by Jewish music.My research demonstrates that we can only speak of Jewish musics. The term musics is used as a collective term for musical expressions within one culture and/or within the diversity of cultures in Judaism.In the Haskalah period, all questions concerning Jewish music merge. The result is a fierce debate about the subject of music and a fiery search for consensus on the views on Jewish music, which is reflected, among other things, in polemic articles about 'die Orgelfrage'. Show less
The text deals with the protection of indigenous peoples' cultural heritage in the context of the United Nations, with an emphasis on traditional knowledge, genetic resources and traditional... Show moreThe text deals with the protection of indigenous peoples' cultural heritage in the context of the United Nations, with an emphasis on traditional knowledge, genetic resources and traditional cultural expressions as one of the challenges of contemporary law. The incorporation of rights already recognised in multilateral treaties on human rights, culture and biodiversity into the intellectual property system has been the demand of Indigenous Peoples in the discussion process underway in the World Intellectual Property Organisation's Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property and Traditional Knowledge, Genetic Resources and Folklore since 2000. The topic is analysed from the perspective of indigenous peoples, as collective subjects of international rights, authors, inventors and improvers, with the capacity to create and innovate using technologies that are continuously improved in their collective context. The work examines the contemporary challenges of balancing the rights of indigenous peoples and the large commercial interests involved in granting exclusive intellectual property rights. The thesis analyses, from the contexts of different indigenous peoples, the suitability of existing tools in the intellectual property system to prevent the erroneous granting of intellectual property rights and to prevent the misappropriation of the elements that integrate the cultural heritage of indigenous peoples. Show less
In dit proefschrift legt Wiersma uit hoe Plato's idee van de democratische mens nog steeds herkenbaar is als probleem voor onze eigen tijd. Hij schetst aan de hand van klassieke en christelijke... Show moreIn dit proefschrift legt Wiersma uit hoe Plato's idee van de democratische mens nog steeds herkenbaar is als probleem voor onze eigen tijd. Hij schetst aan de hand van klassieke en christelijke denkers een alternatief: de aristocratische mens. Voorts laat hij zien hoe de onderwijsfilosofie van de traditionele artes liberales een belangrijke rol kunnen spelen in de transitie van democratisch mens naar aristocratisch mens. Hierin is niet alleen het curriculum van groot belang maar vooral ook de rol van de docent. Show less
Zorgverzekeraars sluiten ten behoeve van ruim driekwart van hun verzekerden zorginkoopovereenkomsten met zorgaanbieders over de aan verzekerden te verlenen zorg. Onder de invloed van marktdenken is... Show moreZorgverzekeraars sluiten ten behoeve van ruim driekwart van hun verzekerden zorginkoopovereenkomsten met zorgaanbieders over de aan verzekerden te verlenen zorg. Onder de invloed van marktdenken is de contractsvrijheid in de zorginkoopverhouding stapsgewijs vergroot, zodat zorgverzekeraars de rol van ‘doelmatige, klantgerichte regisseurs van zorg’ kunnen vervullen. De overheid bepaalt in een nog altijd omvangrijk regelgevend kader de randvoorwaarden voor de werking van het zorgverzekeringsstelsel en houdt toezicht.De rechten en verplichtingen van zorgverzekeraars en zorgaanbieders in dit gemengde publiek-privaatrechtelijke kader zijn het onderwerp van dit proefschrift. De zorginkoopovereenkomst wordt civielrechtelijk geduid, op zichzelf en in verhouding tot de zorgverzekering en de geneeskundige behandelingsovereenkomst. Het proefschrift biedt een analyse van de doorwerking van regelgeving, zoals de Zorgverzekeringswet en de Wet marktordening gezondheidszorg, de daarop gebaseerde lagere regelgeving en de uitoefening van de bevoegdheden van de Nederlandse Zorgautoriteit bij aanmerkelijke marktmacht in de (pre-)contractuele verhouding. Getoetst wordt of zorgverzekeraars aanbestedende diensten zijn. De hoedanigheid van de zorgverzekeraar wordt gekenschetst en onderzocht wordt welke invloed in de rechtspraak aan die hoedanigheid en de betrokkenheid van publieke belangen wordt toegekend en welke invloed daaraan zou moeten worden toegekend. Show less
This thesis describes the socio-political dynamics in Dogon country, in central Mali. Since 2015, this region has experienced an unprecedented phenomenon of armed mobilization. Various insurgent ... Show moreThis thesis describes the socio-political dynamics in Dogon country, in central Mali. Since 2015, this region has experienced an unprecedented phenomenon of armed mobilization. Various insurgent (jihadist) and counterinsurgent (self-defense) groups are fighting to impose new modes of rural governance by means of violence, despite the deployment of the Malian Armed Forces (FAMA) and contingents of the UN forces (MINUSMA). Using an ethnographic approach and proceeding in processual and analytic manner, this thesis examines the armed mobilizations and the violence they generate as deriving from interactions between several phenomena, notably land.Depending on historical contingencies, mechanisms of marginalization, inequality and forms of institutional hybridization appear within village communities. In these situations, the principle of primogeniture and autochthony allow segment of society to have access to socio-political privileges and exclude other segments from access to land and its resources. The marginalized are forced to migrate or to resist inequalities in various ways, including armed violence, to gain access to land and achieve social and political respectability.The approach adopted apprehends land, agricultural migration, and armed conflict as interrelated phenomena. Analyzed in relation to the formation of the post-colonial Malian state, they constitute the three main parts of this thesis. Show less
In landen met een ‘common law’ rechtssysteem wordt het woord ‘trust’ in de juridische zin gebruikt om te verwijzen naar de rechtsfiguur trust. De trust is gebaseerd op vertrouwen en is één van de... Show moreIn landen met een ‘common law’ rechtssysteem wordt het woord ‘trust’ in de juridische zin gebruikt om te verwijzen naar de rechtsfiguur trust. De trust is gebaseerd op vertrouwen en is één van de meest toegepaste rechtsfiguren in de internationale financiering- en estate planningspraktijk. Een insteller, de settlor, vertrouwt goederen toe aan een trustee, die vervolgens deze beheert ten behoeve van één of meer beneficiaries, of ter verwezenlijking van een bepaald doel. De trust wordt onder meer gebruikt om familievermogen te beschermen en aan de volgende generatie over te dragen, risicovol beleggen te faciliteren, ondernemingsvermogen veilig te stellen of het beheren van pensioengelden.De trust komt soms negatief in het nieuws, in verband met belastingontduiking en belastingontduiking. Niet geheel terecht, omdat in de ‘common law’ landen evenals in Nederland, anti-misbruikinstrumenten worden ingezet ter bestrijding van belastingontwijking en belastingduiking via vennootschappen en trusts. Deze negatieve connotatie is te wijten aan de vele misvattingen over juridische structuur van de trust in landen met een continentaal rechtssysteem zoals Nederland. Door deze misvattingen – in de politiek en de rechtsliteratuur – is de trust nimmer in het Nederlandse recht ingevoerd. Immers, onbekend maakt onbemind.Dit onderzoek behelst een rechtsvergelijkend onderzoek naar de Anglo-Amerikaanse trust, de Curaçaose trust en de introductie van de trust in het Nederlandse recht. Daarbij worden aan de hand van onder andere het Anglo-Amerikaanse trustrecht concrete oplossingen voor de rechtspraktijk gepresenteerd voor zowel de reparatie van de Curaçaose trustwetgeving als de wijze waarop de trust in het Nederlandse recht kan worden ingevoerd. Show less
Dutch-Surinamese writer Anil Ramdas was known for his unrestricted criticism of both the Dutch and the Surinamese societies. After his suicide in 2012, much has been said about the ways in which... Show moreDutch-Surinamese writer Anil Ramdas was known for his unrestricted criticism of both the Dutch and the Surinamese societies. After his suicide in 2012, much has been said about the ways in which his immigration and presupposed loss of home had inspired his professional and personal life. This biographical study switches the perspective by taking into account the context in which Ramdas published his work, and attempts to answer questions like: how was an intellectual of color perceived in the Netherlands? How was Ramdas’ work interpreted, and how were the changing realities in the multicultural society an influence on this interpretation?In wat voor land leef ik eigenlijk? seeks to gain an understanding of the writer and his work, but also of the interaction between the reality outside of the writer, and his inner world. It analyzes how Ramdas engaged with different environments, and how these environments have engaged with him. Amatmoekrim uses a postcolonial view on the Posture theory by integrating concepts such as double consciousness and fragmentation, to come to a better understanding of Ramdas’ work and personal life. Show less
"Indianisatie" was de term waarmee in het interbellum de opkomst van Indonesiers in de lagere middenrangen van gouvernement en westers bedrijfsleven werd beschreven. Deze Indonesiers wisten zich... Show more"Indianisatie" was de term waarmee in het interbellum de opkomst van Indonesiers in de lagere middenrangen van gouvernement en westers bedrijfsleven werd beschreven. Deze Indonesiers wisten zich met beperkte westerse opleiding op te werken binnen bedrijven en Europese vakbonden, die door de krappe arbeidsmarkt van hen afhankelijk werden. In de vakbondsbladen van onder meer de Indische Post lieten zij hun stem horen. Toen de Indische regering tijdens de grote crisis deze indianisatie zowel als natuurlijke ontwikkeling en als bezuiniging presenteerde, barstte een ongekend felle discussie los tussen de fracties in de raad. In deze discussie bleek hoezeer het rassencriterium, hoewel officieel passe, in praktijk het Nederlandse sociale beleid in de kolonie nog vorm gaf. Conservatieve Indonesische Volksraadsleden, onder meer van het Inlands Binnenlands bestuur, raakten gaande de discussie doordrongen van het feit, dat het indianisatiebeleid van de Indische regering blijvend te kort schoot. Met de nationalistische fractie in de Volksraad gingen zij indianisatie zien als opstap naar het grote bestuurshervormingswerk waarvan zij voor Indonesie hoopten dat het met rasse schreden zou naderen. Show less
This PhD thesis researches the doctrine of material amendments to public contracts. This doctrine regulates the extent to which modifications are allowed during the procurement and execution stages... Show moreThis PhD thesis researches the doctrine of material amendments to public contracts. This doctrine regulates the extent to which modifications are allowed during the procurement and execution stages of a public contract. The main question is to what extent this doctrine limits the freedom to modify a contract that is awarded according to a EU public procurement procedure. This question is answered primarily from a public procurement law perspective, whilst recognizing the importance of the interaction with the Dutch law of obligations. Chapter 1 introduces the subject matter and explains the importance of this research. Chapter 2 analyses the justification of the prohibition to materially amend a public contract. Chapter 3 assesses the possibilities to introduce flexibility in advance. Chapter 4 discusses the issue of proposing amendments during the procurement stage. Chapter 5 examines how the prohibition to materially amend a public contract relates to the interpretation of that contract. Chapter 6 analyses Article 72 Directive 2014/24/EU and its influence on statutory possibilities to amend a contract, especially in case of unforeseen circumstances. Chapter 7 deals with transparency regarding amendments. Chapter 8 analyses the consequences of a material amendment during the execution stage. Chapter 9 contains concluding remarks. Show less
In today's 'onlife' era, online and offline realities are intimately intertwined. This dissertation focuses on a specific expression of this interconnectedness: 'digital doppelgangers'. The focus... Show moreIn today's 'onlife' era, online and offline realities are intimately intertwined. This dissertation focuses on a specific expression of this interconnectedness: 'digital doppelgangers'. The focus is on visual digital doppelgangers, i.e. digital manufactured images of man. This dissertation aims to gain insight into the role that such doppelgangers play in the formation of human identity and self-understanding, using three disciplinary angles. The ‘image aspect’ of digital doppelgangers is explored through a visual culture studies/ media studies lens; the ‘human aspect’ through a philosophical anthropology/ philosophy of technology lens; and finally, the ‘identity aspect’ and unheimliche dimensions through a philosophical anthropology/ psychoanalysis lens. Three cases will elaborate on these themes: selfies, internet memes and deepfake videos. Drawing on the work of Helmuth Plessner, I show that man can be understood as a "doppelganger". The inevitable unheimlichkeit that results from this gets a more or less fixed character in visual digital doppelgangers. An important conclusion is that regulation of digital doppelgangers should not be so much focused on the (impossible) elimination of digital unheimlichkeit, but on preventing situations in which digital doppelgangers no longer can be adjusted. Living humanely in the onlife world requires being able to live the lives of our digital doppelgangers, too. Show less
In this book pawnbroking, the offering of secured loans to people with personal property as collateral, is analyzed by investigating the statutory rules applicable to pawnbroking in Section 7.2D... Show moreIn this book pawnbroking, the offering of secured loans to people with personal property as collateral, is analyzed by investigating the statutory rules applicable to pawnbroking in Section 7.2D Civil Code within the property law rules of the Civil Code. The study also investigates whether the statutory arrangement in Section 7.2D Civil Code provides for a balanced protection of the interests of the parties involved in a pawnbroking agreement. Show less
This research identifies a model for the interpretation of a contract under Dutch law. The model answers the question of which method should be applied to interpret a contract in the contest of a... Show moreThis research identifies a model for the interpretation of a contract under Dutch law. The model answers the question of which method should be applied to interpret a contract in the contest of a specific case, considering existing legislation, case law and legal doctrine. The model indicates which method of interpretation (e.g., the objective-oriented method of interpretation) is applicable, based on a case specific selection and assessment of sources of interpretation (such as ‘the linguistic meaning of the wording’, ‘the pre-contractual phase’ or ‘trade usages’) by using contextual factors (e.g., ‘the nature of the contract’, ‘the nature and knowledge/experiences of the parties to the contract’ and ‘the manner of the formation of the contract’). A suitable method of interpretation can be identified and applied by selecting and balancing sources of interpretation in light of contextual factors. The model provides guidance on contract interpretation to parties engaged in a dispute about the meaning of the contract, and persons who need to solve such a dispute, such as judges and arbitrators. The law of evidence will also be considered. The model, as identified under Dutch law (see Chapters 2 to 5) will be evaluated and both foreign legal systems (English and French law) and transnational principles (the PECL, the DCFR and the PICC; see Chapters 6 to 8) will be considered. Show less
The Bibliotheca Enchusana or Librije of Enkhuizen is one of the oldest libraries that are still preserved in situ in the Netherlands and can rightfully be called a unique book historical monument.... Show moreThe Bibliotheca Enchusana or Librije of Enkhuizen is one of the oldest libraries that are still preserved in situ in the Netherlands and can rightfully be called a unique book historical monument. In this dissertation the history of the Librije is reconstructed through a new scholarly catalogue, which is based on a hands-on examination of all the books from the library’s holdings. The catalogue contains extensive bibliographical descriptions as well as information about the physical evidence of every book’s unique history, such as inscriptions of former owners, binding details, and manuscript annotations. Together with information from archival documents, the new catalogue helps to better understand the holdings of the Librije, their origin and history, as well as the use and function of the library since its foundation. Subsequently, this dissertation explores how the specific character of Enkhuizen influenced the Librije and how the role of the library changed throughout history. Show less
Over the centuries, the French language has had a lot of influence on the Dutch language. Thousands of words from French entered Dutch and apart from that, Dutch has borrowed morphological... Show moreOver the centuries, the French language has had a lot of influence on the Dutch language. Thousands of words from French entered Dutch and apart from that, Dutch has borrowed morphological elements such as suffixes from French. Moreover, it is assumed that the popularity of certain Dutch morphosyntactic constructions can be attributed to language contact with French. Despite the fact that histories of Dutch often speak of so-called ‘Frenchification’ because of these French influences, hardly any empirical research has been carried out so far on the actual influence of French on Dutch. The aim of this thesis is to provide insight into the influence that French had on the Dutch language between 1500 and 1900. This is done by means of corpus analyses with the diachronic Language of Leiden corpus, which comprises texts from Leiden from different social domains. The corpus analyses aim to trace the language changes in Dutch as a consequence of language contact with French on three language levels: lexicon, morphology, and morphosyntax. In this way, this thesis aims to contribute to a better understanding of the historical language contact between Dutch and French. Show less
This dissertation discusses the injunction and whether there is a claim for a preventive remedy. It explains how the injunction is regulated in Dutch law, when it can be pronounced and what the... Show moreThis dissertation discusses the injunction and whether there is a claim for a preventive remedy. It explains how the injunction is regulated in Dutch law, when it can be pronounced and what the grounds for refusal are.Using supranational law, the requirements that a remedy must meet to be effective are examined. It concludes that a remedy is effective if it can enforce substantive rights, can be deployed in a timely manner, has a deterrent function and is proportionate.Three themes are then used to examine whether the national regime is in line with those requirements. In that regard, the role and freedom of the courts, the situation where performance has become impossible, and collective actions against the government are examined.The conclusion is that the national regulation is adequate. Show less
De doelstelling van dit onderzoek is het begrip 'bevrijdend verweer' nader te definiëren, het begrip af te bakenen en structuur in het leerstuk aan te brengen. Een systematische, overzichtelijke... Show moreDe doelstelling van dit onderzoek is het begrip 'bevrijdend verweer' nader te definiëren, het begrip af te bakenen en structuur in het leerstuk aan te brengen. Een systematische, overzichtelijke ordening is hierbij leidraad. De reeds bestaande inzichten over het begrip zijn in het onderzoek verwerkt. Het boek biedt zowel verdieping als praktische toepasbaarheid; het onderzoek beoogt niet alleen de wetenschap te dienen, maar vooral ook de civiele procespraktijk. De insteek is pragmatisch; een zo efficiënt mogelijk gevoerde civiele procedure is voor de rechtspraktijk van groot belang. Aan de praktijkjurist worden instrumenten geboden om een goede analyse te kunnen maken van de stelplicht en bewijslast in een te behandelen zaak; niet alleen aan verweerder ingeval van een mogelijk beroep op bevrijdend verweer, maar ook aan eiser om te kunnen anticiperen op een mogelijk bevrijdend verweer. Regelmatig worden illustratieve praktijkvoorbeelden en processuele tips gegeven. De (relatief) korte (sub)paragrafen van het boek zijn zodanig opgebouwd dat het boek tevens als naslagwerk kan dienen. Het is van belang dat een praktijkjurist zijn bewijsrechtelijke positie kan bepalen op basis van de feitelijke grondslag en weet te anticiperen op de waarschijnlijke bewijslastverdeling. Een advies om al dan niet te gaan procederen of verweer te voeren wint dan aan zeggingskracht. Een goede analyse van de wederzijdse stellingen en de daaraan verbonden rechtsgevolgen is daarbij startpunt. Vooraf moet een oordeel worden gevormd over de haalbaarheid van een procedure in verband met eventuele procesrisico's. Veel gespecialiseerde praktijkjuristen opereren in bepaalde echtsgebieden en zijn zich er soms niet van bewust dat bewijsrechtelijke beslissingen samenhangen met het algemene bewijsrecht, waaronder begrepen regels inzake bevrijdende verweren. Het boek beoogt een gefundeerde toepassing in de rechtspraktijk van het bevrijdend verweer te bewerkstelligen zodat het begrip 'bevrijdend verweer' meer inhoudt dan een toverformule. Show less
