This thesis examines how innovation is practiced, imagined, mobilized, and reinterpreted by China’s local developers and its subjects. The Chinese innovation movement is not the same as the ... Show moreThis thesis examines how innovation is practiced, imagined, mobilized, and reinterpreted by China’s local developers and its subjects. The Chinese innovation movement is not the same as the “disruptive innovation” of recent years mainly driven by digital technology in the European and North American contexts. The state plays a very salient role in innovation, investing in the social and economic system to provide a constant demand for innovation to unleash the dynamism of development.The aim of this thesis is to contribute to the understanding of the state’s role in socio-economic transformation and its governance model in innovation activities. This thesis discusses the state-market-society relationship not merely from an institutionalist perspective that focuses on the interplay between the state, the market, and society. I discovered that the state creates a range of government institutions to regulate and shape society. Further, in recent years the local state has been an important producer of the emergence of China’s new civil society that drives innovation and entrepreneurship as ways to enhance social mobility. Show less
This dissertation provides a detailed analysis of the practical and urgent issue concerning the 1998 Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court as evidence of customary international law. The... Show moreThis dissertation provides a detailed analysis of the practical and urgent issue concerning the 1998 Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court as evidence of customary international law. The dissertation is composed of seven chapters, including the introduction and conclusions. Chapter 2 sets out a flexible formula of the two-element identification approach, focusing more on opinio juris, and clarifies the term ‘declaratory’ that defines the relationship between treaty and custom. Based on the methodology and the terms illustrated in chapter 2, chapters 3-6 address key issues of war crimes, crimes against humanity, indirect co-perpetration and personal immunity. This dissertation concludes that provisions of the Rome Statute were partly declaratory of custom when adopted in 1998, and that they are also partly declaratory of custom at the present time. This dissertation will hopefully provide a perspective to understand part of the corpus of customary law applicable in the field of international criminal law which could be of value to legal practitioners of States. Show less