Learning analytics sits in the middle space between learning theory and data analytics. The inherent diversity of learning analytics manifests itself in an epistemology that strikes a balance... Show moreLearning analytics sits in the middle space between learning theory and data analytics. The inherent diversity of learning analytics manifests itself in an epistemology that strikes a balance between positivism and interpretivism, and knowledge that is sourced from theory and practice. In this paper, we argue that validation approaches for learning analytics systems should be cognisant of these diverse foundations. Through a systematic review of learning analytics validation research, we find that there is currently an over-reliance on positivistic validity criteria. Researchers tend to ignore interpretivistic criteria such as trustworthiness and authenticity. In the 38 papers we analysed, researchers covered positivistic validity criteria 221 times, whereas interpretivistic criteria were mentioned 37 times. We motivate that learning analytics can only move forward with holistic validation strategies that incorporate “thick descriptions” of educational experiences. We conclude by outlining a planned validation study using argument-based validation, which we believe will yield meaningful insights by considering a diverse spectrum of validity criteria. Show less
Kapteijn, M.Y.; Kaptein, F.H.J.; Stals, M.A.M.; Klaase, E.E.; Eijk, R. van; Ruano, D.; ... ; Garcia-Ortiz, I. 2023
Background and objectives: Patients with glioblastoma have a high risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, the role of underlying genetic risk factors remains largely unknown.... Show moreBackground and objectives: Patients with glioblastoma have a high risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, the role of underlying genetic risk factors remains largely unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to discover whether genetic aberrations in glioblastoma associate with VTE risk.Methods: In this cohort study, all consecutive patients diagnosed with glioblastoma in two Dutch hospitals be-tween February 2017 and August 2020 were included. Targeted DNA next-generation sequencing of all glio-blastomas was performed for diagnostic purposes and included mutational status of the genes ATRX, BRAF, CIC, FUBP1, H3F3A, IDH1, IDH2, PIK3CA, PTEN and TP53 and amplification/gain or deletion of BRAF, CDKN2A, EGFR, NOTCH1 and PTEN. The primary outcome was VTE within three months before glioblastoma diagnosis until two years after. Cumulative incidences were determined using competing risk analysis adjusting for mor-tality. Univariable Cox regression analysis was performed to determine hazard ratios.Results: From 324 patients with glioblastoma, 25 were diagnosed with VTE. Patients with a CDKN2A deletion had a 12-month adjusted cumulative incidence of VTE of 12.5 % (95%CI: 7.3-19.3) compared with 5.4 % (95%CI: 2.6-9.6) in patients with CDKN2A wildtype (p = 0.020), corresponding to a HR of 2.53 (95%CI: 1.12-5.73, p = 0.026). No significant associations were found between any of the other investigated genes and VTE.Conclusion: This study suggests a potential role for CDKN2A deletion in glioblastoma-related VTE. Therefore, once independently validated, CDKN2A mutational status may be a promising predictor to identify glioblastoma patients at high risk for VTE, who may benefit from thromboprophylaxis. Show less
Caused by growing concerns over the legacies of the Dutch colonial past as well as the global rise in support for the Black Lives Matter movement, the imperial history of the Netherlands has come... Show moreCaused by growing concerns over the legacies of the Dutch colonial past as well as the global rise in support for the Black Lives Matter movement, the imperial history of the Netherlands has come under growing public scrutiny. One of the results of this renewed critical stance towards Dutch colonialism is the attention being devoted to the resistance and revolt once undertaken by colonized peoples in the Dutch colonial and postcolonial world.Part of this renewed focus lies on modern anticolonial and antiracist figures, of which the Surinamese writer and activist Anton de Kom (1898-1945) is one of the most prominent examples. Within the span of a year, De Kom has not only been added to the national historical canon of the Netherlands but the Dutch government also promised to make amends concerning the maltreatment of the De Kom by colonial authorities. Additionally, grassroots organization are now pushing for a second statue of De Kom – after another one has already been erected in Amsterdam – in The Hague, the place where De Kom lived and worked.This paper makes use of the framework of Michael Rothberg’s multidirectional memory. It thereby focusses on different ‘mnemonic communities’ surrounding Dutch colonial history and their focus (or lack thereof) on modern anticolonial figureheads. It argues that the inclusion of South East Asian anticolonial history within a postcolonial memory culture of the Netherlands is vital in coming to terms with the Dutch imperial history as a whole. Show less
This paper presents results of a corpus study on the South-Cushitic language Gorwaa which investigated the ‘enigmatic’ -oo/-(h)ee suffix (Mous & Qorro 2010:47, Harvey 2018). Various contexts in... Show moreThis paper presents results of a corpus study on the South-Cushitic language Gorwaa which investigated the ‘enigmatic’ -oo/-(h)ee suffix (Mous & Qorro 2010:47, Harvey 2018). Various contexts in which this nominal suffix occurs are identified, including negation, polar questions, universal quantification, adverbials, the object of comparison, and locatives. I characterise these as non-specific contexts and frame-setting topics. I compare these contexts to those in which the augment (nominal pre-prefix) is dropped in Bantu languages and, based on the empirical similarities, I discuss whether analyses of the Bantu augment can account for the Gorwaa cases. One analysis proposes that the suffix marks (non-)specificity, which I show is not fully satisfactory. Instead, I propose that what truly conditions the appearance of the suffix is the syntactic position of the nominal with respect to the verb phrase. Show less
Chen, L.M.; Tollenaar, M.S.; Dass, S.H.A.; Bouvette-Turcot, A.A.; Pokhvisneva, I.; Gaudreau, H.; ... ; MAVAN Study Team 2020
Maternal antenatal depression strongly influences child mental health but with considerable inter-individual variation that is, in part, linked to genotype. The challenge is to effectively capture... Show moreMaternal antenatal depression strongly influences child mental health but with considerable inter-individual variation that is, in part, linked to genotype. The challenge is to effectively capture the genotypic influence. We outline a novel approach to describe genomic susceptibility to maternal antenatal depression focusing on child emotional/behavioral difficulties. Two cohorts provided measures of maternal depression, child genetic variation, and child mental health symptoms. We constructed a conventional polygenic risk score (PRS) for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (PRSADHD) that significantly moderated the association between maternal antenatal depression and internalizing problems at 60 months (p = 2.94 x 10(-4), R-2 = .18). We then constructed an interaction PRS (xPRS) based on a subset of those single nucleotide polymorphisms from the PRSADHD that most accounted for the moderation of the association between maternal antenatal depression and child outcome. The interaction between maternal antenatal depression and this xPRS accounted for a larger proportion of the variance in child emotional/behavioral problems than models based on any PRSADHD (p = 5.50 x 10(-9), R-2 = .27), with similar findings in the replication cohort. The xPRS was significantly enriched for genes involved in neuronal development and synaptic function. Our study illustrates a novel approach to the study of genotypic moderation on the impact of maternal antenatal depression on child mental health and highlights the utility of the xPRS approach. These findings advance our understanding of individual differences in the developmental origins of mental health. Show less
This study investigates the extent to which word stress facilitates word disambiguation in Papuan Malay. Although there is consistent acoustic support for word stress patterns in this language, the... Show moreThis study investigates the extent to which word stress facilitates word disambiguation in Papuan Malay. Although there is consistent acoustic support for word stress patterns in this language, the function of word stress in Indonesian languages, including Papuan Malay, has been disputed in several studies. Based on a word list of phonetically transcribed Papuan Malay words, an analysis of wordembeddings was carried out. The number of words that are embedded in other words was shown to explain the role of word stress in the word recognition processes crosslinguistically. The results of the lexical analysis indicate that Papuan Malay is somewhat similar to English, a language where word stress differences are mainly signalled by vowel quality and to a lesser extent by suprasegmental cues. The results are discussed within the context of cross-linguistic cues to word stress and shed a new light on the controversy concerning word stress in Indonesian languages. Show less
Previous approaches to NLP tasks on online patient forums have been limited to single posts as units, thereby neglecting the overarching conversational structure. In this paper we explore the... Show morePrevious approaches to NLP tasks on online patient forums have been limited to single posts as units, thereby neglecting the overarching conversational structure. In this paper we explore the benefit of exploiting conversational context for filtering posts relevant to a specific medical topic. We experiment with two approaches to add conversational context to a BERT model: a sequential CRF layer and manually engineered features. Although neither approach can outperform the F1 score of the BERT baseline, we find that adding a sequential layer improves precision for all target classes whereas adding a non-sequential layer with manually engineered features leads to a higher recall for two out of three target classes. Thus, depending on the end goal, conversation-aware modelling may be beneficial for identifying relevant messages. We hope our findings encourage other researchers in this domain to move beyond studying messages in isolation towards more discourse-based data collection and classification. We release our code for the purpose of follow-up research. Show less
