This article provides a synoptic view of research that has been carried out over the centuries on the fifteen languages that are spoken in the Ghana-Togo hills of West Africa with an outlier in... Show moreThis article provides a synoptic view of research that has been carried out over the centuries on the fifteen languages that are spoken in the Ghana-Togo hills of West Africa with an outlier in Benin. It traces the dilemmas and opportunities the languages offer for historical, descriptive and theoretical linguistics. It highlights some of the developments in the recent investigations that have taken place and concludes with an overview of the articles on GTM languages in the issue. Show less
-(4-methoxyphenyl)hydrazine-carbothioamide was described as a potential selective P-gp inhibitor that is not transported by P-gp. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to radiolabel two of its... Show more-(4-methoxyphenyl)hydrazine-carbothioamide was described as a potential selective P-gp inhibitor that is not transported by P-gp. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to radiolabel two of its analogues and to assess their potential for imaging P-gp expression using PET.\n across the blood-brain barrier was not altered by pre-treatment with the P-gp inhibitor tariquidar, and uptake was significantly lower in P-gp KO than in wild-type animals and indeed transported across the BBB or bound to P-gp in endothelial cells.\n appears to be a radiotracer that binds to P-gp, as showed in P-gp knock-out animals, but is not a substrate for P-gp.\nBackground\nResults\nConclusion Show less
This article addresses the ways in which the Syrian author Khaled Khalifa describes and invokes feelings of shame as a literary strategy in the novel No Knives in the Kitchens of this City (2016).... Show moreThis article addresses the ways in which the Syrian author Khaled Khalifa describes and invokes feelings of shame as a literary strategy in the novel No Knives in the Kitchens of this City (2016). It argues that the author capitalizes on shame’s peculiarly unstable nature in expressing the unbearable subjugation to a system that is as brutal as it is banal under Syria’s president Hafez Al-Asad and later his son Bashar. Shame in this novel travels from character to character and from characters to readers in uncontrolled ways. The article teases out these trajectories in order to argue that the affective nature of shame is particularly suitable for addressing the conditions of living in Syria under the Asads. Show less
Smit, C.; Hoogd, S. de; Bruggemann, R.J.M.; Knibbe, C.A.J. 2018
The elucidation of the sequence of transformations in compounds containing several reactive groups and the development of approaches to controlling the selectivity of the processes with their... Show moreThe elucidation of the sequence of transformations in compounds containing several reactive groups and the development of approaches to controlling the selectivity of the processes with their participation is of interest both from the theoretical and practical points of view. The article is devoted to the analysis of the kinetics of hydrogenation of 4-nitro-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylazobenzene in aqueous solution of 2-propanol with addition of sodium hydroxide on skeletal nickel at different initial amounts of the starting compound. An increase in the initial amount of 4-nitro-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylazobenzene leads to an increase in the rate of conversion of the nitro group in the starting compound and to a decrease in the rate of conversion of the azo-group. The effect of the introduced sodium hydroxide in the neutral solvent 2-propanol-water on the rate of conversion of the nitro and azo-groups to 4-nitro-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylazobenzene is consistent with the nature of the rate changes for the hydrogenation of individual compounds containing nitro and azo-groups, in the quality of which 4-nitroaniline and 4-amino-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylazobenzene were chosen. The results obtained do not contradict the notion of a parallel-sequential scheme of 4-nitro-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylazobenzene transformations. One of the directions involves the conversion of 4-nitro-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylazobenzene due to the hydrogenation of the azo-group to 4-nitroaniline and PC, and the second one is the conversion of 4-nitro-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylazobenzene through 4-amino-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylazobenzene due to the reduction of the nitro group. By the end of the reaction, all the intermediate compounds are restored to PC and 1,4-phenylenediamine. When sodium hydroxide is introduced into the neutral solvent 2-propanol-water, the effect of the direction providing the formation of 4-amino-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylazobenzene to the overall reaction rate increases. It was experimentally established that the amount of 4-amino-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylazobenzene during the hydrogenation of 4-nitro-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylazobenzene in the presence of sodium hydroxide increases by 15%, on the contrary, the amount of 4-nitroaniline decreases by 4 % in comparison with the neutral solvent. Show less
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