The text deals with the protection of indigenous peoples' cultural heritage in the context of the United Nations, with an emphasis on traditional knowledge, genetic resources and traditional... Show moreThe text deals with the protection of indigenous peoples' cultural heritage in the context of the United Nations, with an emphasis on traditional knowledge, genetic resources and traditional cultural expressions as one of the challenges of contemporary law. The incorporation of rights already recognised in multilateral treaties on human rights, culture and biodiversity into the intellectual property system has been the demand of Indigenous Peoples in the discussion process underway in the World Intellectual Property Organisation's Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property and Traditional Knowledge, Genetic Resources and Folklore since 2000. The topic is analysed from the perspective of indigenous peoples, as collective subjects of international rights, authors, inventors and improvers, with the capacity to create and innovate using technologies that are continuously improved in their collective context. The work examines the contemporary challenges of balancing the rights of indigenous peoples and the large commercial interests involved in granting exclusive intellectual property rights. The thesis analyses, from the contexts of different indigenous peoples, the suitability of existing tools in the intellectual property system to prevent the erroneous granting of intellectual property rights and to prevent the misappropriation of the elements that integrate the cultural heritage of indigenous peoples. Show less
WHO ARE WE? OR A PROFILE OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL PROFESSIONAL COMMUNITY IN BRAZIL: FIRST APPROACHESIn the last twenty years, archeological academic-scientific training has grown exponen-tially in... Show moreWHO ARE WE? OR A PROFILE OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL PROFESSIONAL COMMUNITY IN BRAZIL: FIRST APPROACHESIn the last twenty years, archeological academic-scientific training has grown exponen-tially in Brazil, culminating in the recognition of the profession in 2018. However, little is known about the demographic profiles of people working in the area, as well as of students in the process of training, in undergraduate and graduate levels. By updating some data from previous studies, in this manuscript we present the results of an initial survey on the professional profile in Brazilian archeology, which includes information on the trajectory of education, gender, nationality and re-search themes. This initiative allows us to outline the challenges of inclusion and representativeness in the exercise of the profession, whose reflections will assist us in the conceiving of practical measures for a change in this situation in the future. Show less
Heritage management mechanisms in countries formerly under Western rule still tend to follow approaches which ignore the values that Indigenous peoples ascribe to archaeological objects and sites... Show moreHeritage management mechanisms in countries formerly under Western rule still tend to follow approaches which ignore the values that Indigenous peoples ascribe to archaeological objects and sites in their ancestral territories. In addition, these mechanisms function as a tool to disengage communities from participating in the process of protecting and managing a heritage they claim their own, thus disrespecting their human and collective rights. Based on the case of the Camëntsá people, I point out some of the reasons for this detachment and suggest that a collaborative and intercultural approach to heritage management is more appropriate, since it is based on an inclusive understanding of heritage and recognizes that not only is this used as a form of resistance, but it is also subject to the interpretation of different groups. In the specific case of archaeology, it is necessary to expand the horizons of the discipline by recognizing the relationship of Indigenous peoples with the material past, and working in a way in which researchers, Indigenous communities and government institutions truly collaborate. Show less
Painstaking research in Dutch and Portuguese archive materials, so far poorly assessed on the topic of social relations, reveals intense and intricate associations between different European... Show morePainstaking research in Dutch and Portuguese archive materials, so far poorly assessed on the topic of social relations, reveals intense and intricate associations between different European individuals both in terms of ethnicity and social strata. Despite their supposed "nationality" and religion, Dutch and Portuguese colonists were able to accommodate linguistic differences, engaged in inter-confessional marriages and illicit liaisons and, together with French, German and English individu-als, served in the colony’s militia. Economical interactions between Dutch and Portuguese preceded the formation of Dutch Brazil since agents were involved in an array of material exchanges in Europe and in Portuguese America. After 1630, this did not change much. On a daily basis, historical actors extended credit, borrowed money, operated in retail trade, the sugar and dye wood industries, as well as in the slave trade. Long before Dutch rule in Brazil, individuals were able to exploit Dutch and Portuguese legisla-tion to defend their interests. Following the conquest of Recife, the WIC succeeded in imple-menting Dutch legislation in the colony, enforcing Dutch laws and legal procedures. Dutch and Portuguese alike were able to resort to courts of law to solve their disputes and faced judg-ment under the different codes after breaking the law. Show less
Um debate recorrente na arqueologia do baixo Amazonas e do norte da América do Sul diz respeito à produção e troca de adornos corporais em matérias primas líticas, especialmente dos chamados... Show moreUm debate recorrente na arqueologia do baixo Amazonas e do norte da América do Sul diz respeito à produção e troca de adornos corporais em matérias primas líticas, especialmente dos chamados muiraquitãs. Tais artefatos são frequentementeconsiderados como evidências de interações entre as comunidades indígenas que viveram em diferentes áreas da Amazônia e da região circum-caribenha. Apesar do crescimento do número de estudos nos últimos anos fazendo uso de diversos métodos, muitas coleções permanecem por ser estudadas. O presente artigo faz uma revisão dos estudos acerca de adornos corporais nas duas regiões e propõe uma metodologia para o estudo de contas, pingentes e outros adornos, principalmente em material lítico e concha. Argumentamos que a traceologia pode aportar informações detalhadas acerca das sequências de produção, da duraçãoe das modalidades de uso de adornos, ainda que as coleções disponíveis sejam compostas principalmente por peças já finalizadas ou em um estado avançado da cadeia operatória. Show less
