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Kalot, M.A.; Husainat, N.; Alayli, A. el; Abughanimeh, O.; Diab, O.; Tayiem, S.; ... ; Mustafa, R.A. 2021

von Willebrand factor levels in the diagnosis of von Willebrand disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Article / Letter to editor

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von Willebrand disease (VWD) is associated with significant morbidity as a result of excessive mucocutaneous bleeding. Early diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent and treat these... Show morevon Willebrand disease (VWD) is associated with significant morbidity as a result of excessive mucocutaneous bleeding. Early diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent and treat these symptoms. We systematically reviewed the accuracy of diagnostic tests using different cutoff values of von Willebrand factor antigen (VWF:Ag) and platelet-dependent von Willebrand factor (VWF) activity assays in the diagnosis of VWD. We searched Cochrane Central Register for Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, and Embase databases for eligible studies. We pooled estimates of sensitivity and specificity and reported patient-important outcomes when relevant. This review included 21 studies that evaluated VWD diagnosis. The results showed low certainty in the evidence for a net health benefit from reconsidering the diagnosis of VWD vs removing the disease diagnosis in patients with VWF levels that have normalized with age. For the diagnosis of type 1 VWD, VWF sequence variants were detected in 75% to 82% of patients with VWF:Ag < 0.30 IU/mL and in 44% to 60% of patients with VWF:Ag between 0.30 and 0.50 IU/mL. A sensitivity of 0.90 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83-0.94) and a specificity of 0.91 (95% CI, 0.76-0.97) were observed for a platelet-dependent VWF activity/VWF:Ag ratio < 0.7 in detecting type 2 VWD (moderate certainty in the test accuracy results). VWF:Ag and platelet-dependent activity are continuous variables that are associated with an increase in bleeding risk with decreasing levels. This systematic review shows that using a VWF activity/VWF:Ag ratio < 0.7 vs lower cutoff levels in patients with an abnormal initial VWD screen is more accurate for the diagnosis of type 2 VWD. Show less

Steensel, A. van; Bonduel, E.; Driessen, V.; Fieremans, N.; Franckaerts, N.; Hermans, S.; ... ; Sint Nicolaas, S. 2021

Belgische en Nederlandse stadsgeschiedenis in historische tijdschriften (2020)

Article / Letter to editor

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Dos Santos Martins, I.R. 2021

Review of Karlsson, M. (2017) Alterity in ancient Assyrian propaganda

Book review

under embargo until 2024-12-31

Comi, G.P.; Niks, E.H.; Cinnante, C.M.; Kan, H.E.; Vandenborne, K.; Willcocks, R.J.; ... ; Bettica, P.U. 2021

Characterization of patients with Becker muscular dystrophy by histology, magnetic resonance imaging, function, and strength assessments

Article / Letter to editor

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Introduction/Aims Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) is characterized by variable disease severity and progression, prompting the identification of biomarkers for clinical trials. We used data from an... Show moreIntroduction/Aims Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) is characterized by variable disease severity and progression, prompting the identification of biomarkers for clinical trials. We used data from an ongoing phase II study to provide a comprehensive characterization of a cohort of patients with BMD, and to assess correlations between histological and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers with muscle function and strength. Methods Eligible patients were ambulatory males with BMD, aged 18 to 65 years (200 to 450 meters on 6-minute walk test). The following data were obtained: function test results, strength, fat-fraction quantification using chemical shift-encoded MRI (whole thigh and quadriceps), and fibrosis and muscle fiber area (MFA) of the brachial biceps. Results Of 70 patients screened, 51 entered the study. There was substantial heterogeneity between patients in muscle morphology (histology and MRI), with high fat replacement. Total fibrosis correlated significantly and mostly moderately with all functional endpoints, including both upper arm strength assessments (left and right elbow flexion rho -.574 and -.588, respectively [both P < .0001]), as did MRI fat fraction (whole thigh and quadriceps), for example, with four-stair-climb velocity -.554 and -.550, respectively (both P < .0001). Total fibrosis correlated significantly and moderately with both MRI fat fraction assessments (.500 [P = .0003] and .423 [.0024], respectively). Discussion In this BMD cohort, micro- and macroscopic morphological muscle parameters correlated moderately with each other and with functional parameters, potentially supporting the use of MRI fat fraction and histology as surrogate outcome measures in patients with BMD, although additional research is required to validate this. Show less

Pot, G.K.; Jong, H.B.T.; Battjes-Fries, M.C.E.; Patijn, O.N.; Pijl, H.; Voshol, P.J. 2021

Observational study on dietary changes of participants following a multicomponent lifestyle program (Reverse Diabetes2 Now)

Article / Letter to editor

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Background Lifestyle intervention studies to treat type 2 diabetes (T2D) are on the rise. However, in-depth research is lacking into the dietary changes that participants make. Methods The present... Show moreBackground Lifestyle intervention studies to treat type 2 diabetes (T2D) are on the rise. However, in-depth research is lacking into the dietary changes that participants make. Methods The present study aimed to observe the dietary intake of participants following the group program 'Reverse Diabetes2 Now' (RD2N) over 12 months. The web-based 24-h dietary recall-tool Compl-eat was used to collect dietary intake data. Results In total, 147 T2D patients were included in a cross-sectional study (n = 37 at baseline, n = 58 at 6 months, n = 52 at 12 months). A lower intake of total energy, carbohydrates and iodine was found for the groups at 6 and 12 months compared to the baseline group. The absolute consumption of total fat and saturated fat did not differ between the groups; only the percentage as total calorie consumption decreased. Consumption of vegetables and full-fat yoghurt was higher in groups at 6 and 12 months compared to the group at baseline. Consumption of bread, cakes and sweet biscuits, pasta/rice/tortillas, artificially sweetened soft drinks, and crisps were lower in the groups at 6 and 12 months compared to the group at baseline. Similar results were observed in a separate prospective study in 22 participants over 12 months following the same lifestyle-intervention. Conclusions Overall, participants shifted their dietary intake somewhat towards a healthier dietary pattern with overall lower energy and carbohydrates and more vegetables. Moreover, participants largely maintained this healthier pattern over 12 months. There were some concerns regarding iodine intake. These promising results need to be confirmed in a fully-scaled study, as well in a comparison with controls. Show less

Rosenstein, M.D.; Visser, A.W. de; Visser, L.G.; Roukens, A.H.E. 2021

Long-term immunity after a single yellow fever vaccination in travelers vaccinated at 60 years or older: A 10-year follow-up study

Article / Letter to editor

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Background In 2013, the World Health Organization (WHO) revised their position on yellow fever vaccination, in which revaccination every 10 years was no longer required, and that a single-dose... Show moreBackground In 2013, the World Health Organization (WHO) revised their position on yellow fever vaccination, in which revaccination every 10 years was no longer required, and that a single-dose provided life-long protection. However, research data on the immunogenicity of YF vaccine in people aged 60 years and over are scarce. Indeed, immunosenescence may result in lower virus neutralizing antibody titers after primary vaccination and a more rapid waning immunity. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that older travelers, vaccinated at 60 years or older are more likely to become seronegative in comparison to young adults 10 years after primary YF vaccination. Methods This is a 10-year follow-up study of an earlier prospective controlled cohort study. In the original trial, the neutralizing antibody response was measured in older travelers (aged 60-81 years, N = 28) and young adults (aged 18-28 years, N = 30) up to 28 days after a primary yellow fever vaccination. Ten years later, we collected serum samples of 22/28 (78%) elderly (71-85 years) and 14/30 (47%) controls (29-40 years), and determined their neutralizing antibody titers by plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT80). Seropositivity was defined as plaque formation reduction of 80% at a serum dilution of 10 or more (PRNT80 >= 10). Results All participants (36/36) were still seropositive 10 years after primary vaccination. The geometric mean concentrations were not statistically different between the older and younger participants (6.7 IU/mL vs. 8.6 IU/mL, P = 0.5). Conclusions All older travelers were seropositive, 10 years after a primary YF vaccination at the age of >= 60 years. These data suggest that in older travelers a single vaccination is sufficient to convey long-lasting immunity for at least 10 years, and is in support the position of the WHO on a single-dose yellow fever vaccination. Show less

Steen, J.T. van der; Bloomer, M.J.; Pereira, S.M. 2021

The importance of methodology to palliative care research: A new article type for Palliative Medicine

Other

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Mol, A.J.W; Jamil, K.H.B; Musa, M.A.B. 2021

Conceptualising Islamic spiritual care: between traditional guidance and modern practices

Article in monograph or in proceedings

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BACKGROUND

With the rise of psychology and therapy in the 20th century and the thereby reduced role of Christian clergy within the fields of healthcare and society at large, a new specialisation...

BACKGROUND

With the rise of psychology and therapy in the 20th century and the thereby reduced role of Christian clergy within the fields of healthcare and society at large, a new specialisation arose which lied between the psychologist/therapist and clergy: the spiritual/pastoral care worker. Elements of this new religious specialisation were taken from the already existing role of the pastoral worker, but also required new qualities to work in the new marked out spaces in society. Combining the new fields of psychology, therapy, and counselling with the old fields of religious and spiritual guidance and consolation, the spiritual care worker shows that the search for transcendent meaning in the difficult moments of life is very much alive in the modern world. With the integration of both Muslims in the West, as well as the integration of psychology and therapy in Muslim societies, the Islamic spiritual care worker was born. With this new religious role which lies between imam/alim and psychologist/therapist, a specialized form of Islamic guidance adapted to specific settings (hospitals, prisons, mental health institutions etc.) has been formed. With this new role, new forms of education are required that combine the traditional with the new. The Department of Qurʾan and Sunnah Studies at IIUM, for instance, has proposed a new course on Revelation and Spiritual Counsel. To create effective Islamic spiritual care education and practice, a clear conceptualisation of its function and requirements is needed.

AIMS AND THEMES

This online conference aims to explore what is the old and new of Islamic spiritual care, how to formulate effective education, and how it differentiates itself from other religious authority roles such as imam, alim, and mufti. The following are the themes of interest for this conference:

Different Islamic perspectives on spiritual guidance and counselling:
- Guidance and counselling through Qurʾan and Sunnah
- Guidance and counselling through fiqh and iftāʾ
- Guidance and counselling through kalām and falsafah
- Guidance and counselling through adāb and taṣawwuf
- Guidance and counselling through other Islamic sciences
The different conceptualization of Islamic spiritual care:
- The similarities and/or differences between chaplaincy, spiritual care, pastoral care, and theology of care
- The traditional and modern Islamic terms for spiritual care
- The similarities and differences between Christian and Islamic spiritual care
- The differences between psychology/therapy/counselling and spiritual care
- The differences between fatwa and spiritual care
- How to explain and promote the role and benefits of Islamic spiritual care to Muslims and non-Muslims laity and professionals
The specialization requirements for effective Islamic spiritual care:
- What elements of spiritual care already existed in Islamic traditional seminary training (Alimiyya)?
- What are new qualities needed for effective spiritual care?
- The development and status of Islamic spiritual care education in Europe and America
- The development and status of Islamic spiritual care education in Muslim societies
- What are the differences between traditional Islamic roles (imam/mufti) and the Islamic spiritual care worker?
- What requirements (knowledge, skills) do the main settings of spiritual care work (hospitals, prisons, mental health institutions etc.) create for the Islamic scholar?
- The cooperation between psychologist/therapist and Islamic spiritual care worker
- Interreligious cooperation between spiritual care workers
Between textual theory and human reality:
- The differences between textual and psychological hermeneutics
- How to explain Islamic theological theory in an effective way it becomes a source of care and consolation?
- The subjects of spiritual care (suffering, illness, loss, imprisonment, rehabilitation etc.) and the subjects of the Islamic sciences
- The intellectual and social diversity of recipients of Islamic spiritual care

https://conference.iium.edu.my/inspire/index.php/about/

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Kabasakal Badamchi, D. 2021

Dimensions of free speech: an exploration of a new theoretical framework

Book (monograph)

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Discusses academic freedom, media freedom and hate speech from a new theoretical perspective. Brings two very different cases- the UK and Turkey- together to reflect on academic freedom and media... Show moreDiscusses academic freedom, media freedom and hate speech from a new theoretical perspective. Brings two very different cases- the UK and Turkey- together to reflect on academic freedom and media freedom. Combines philosophical reflection and practical case analysis on the much debated issue of free speech. Show less

Balesar, V.V.; Koster, L.A.; Kaptein, B.L.; Keizer, S.B. 2021

Five-Year Prospective Roentgen Stereophotogrammetric and Clinical Outcomes of the BioPro MTP-1 Hemiarthroplasty

Article / Letter to editor

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Background: Mixed results for functional outcomes and long-term fixation have been reported for first metatarsophalangeal arthroplasty. This prospective study was designed to evaluate the migration... Show moreBackground: Mixed results for functional outcomes and long-term fixation have been reported for first metatarsophalangeal arthroplasty. This prospective study was designed to evaluate the migration of the BioPro metatarsophalangeal-1 (MTP-1) joint hemiprosthesis with Roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis (RSA). Migration patterns of the prosthesis, prosthesis-induced erosion of the metatarsal bone, and clinical outcomes were evaluated sequentially to 5 years postoperation (PO). Methods: Eleven female patients received the BioPro-1 hemiprosthesis. Prosthesis translation and metatarsal erosion were measured with RSA at immediately PO, 6 weeks, and 3, 6, 12, 36, and 60 months postoperatively. Clinical assessment was done by patient questionnaires. Results: RSA data of 9 patients were available for analysis. Median (range) number of markers used in RSA analysis, condition number, and mean error of markers around the prosthesis were 4 (3-7), 320 (208-862), and 0.13 (0.02-0.28), respectively. Progressive subsidence was seen up to 3 years PO (mean 2.1 mm, SE 0.32). Progressive metatarsal erosion was found from 1 year PO (mean 0.49 mm, SE 0.15). Pain, function, and quality scores improved after surgery and did not deteriorate at later follow-up moments. Conclusion: Model-based RSA of the BioPro-1 prosthesis shows nonstabilizing medial and distal translation and metatarsal erosion. Despite the measured migration and erosion, clinical outcomes improved and remained similar up to 5 years postoperation. Show less

Hijma, H.J.; Brummelen, E.M.J. van; Siebenga, P.S.; Groeneveld, G.J. 2021

A phase I, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-and multiple dose escalation study evaluating the safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of VX-128, a highly selective Na(v)1.8 inhibitor, in healthy adults

Article / Letter to editor

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Selective inhibition of certain voltage-gated sodium channels (Na(v)s), such as Na(v)1.8, is of primary interest for pharmacological pain research and widely studied as a pharmacological target due... Show moreSelective inhibition of certain voltage-gated sodium channels (Na(v)s), such as Na(v)1.8, is of primary interest for pharmacological pain research and widely studied as a pharmacological target due to its contribution to repetitive firing, neuronal excitability, and pain chronification. VX-128 is a highly potent and selective Na(v)1.8 inhibitor that was being developed as a treatment for pain. We evaluated the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of VX-128 in healthy subjects in a single-and multiple-ascending dose (MAD) first-in-human study. Pharmacodynamics were evaluated in the MAD part using a battery of evoked pain tests. Overall, single doses of VX-128 up to 300 mg were well-tolerated, although adverse effect (AE) incidence was higher in subjects receiving VX-128 (41.7%) compared with placebo (25.0%). After multiple dosing of up to 10 days, skin rash events were observed at all dose levels (up to 100 mg once daily [q.d.]), in five of 26 (19.2%) subjects, including one subject receiving VX-128 (100 mg q.d.) who had a serious AE of angioedema. A trend in pain tolerance were observed for cold pressor-and pressure pain, which was dose-dependent for the latter. VX-128 was rapidly absorbed (median time to maximum plasma concentration between 1 and 2 h) with a half-life of similar to 80 h at 10 mg q.d., and approximately two-fold accumulation ratio after 10 and 30 mg q.d. Although VX-128, when given in a multiple dose fashion, resulted in early study termination due to tolerability issues, effects were observed on multiple pain tests that may support further investigation of Na(v)1.8 inhibitors as pain treatments. Show less

Horst, S.P. van der 2021

Herdenk óók Amsterdams antikoloniale verleden

Other

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Precies 73 jaar geleden erkende Nederland in het Paleis op de Dam de onafhankelijkheid van Indonesië. Het was een van de vele momenten in de antikoloniale geschiedenis van Amsterdam. Aan de... Show morePrecies 73 jaar geleden erkende Nederland in het Paleis op de Dam de onafhankelijkheid van Indonesië. Het was een van de vele momenten in de antikoloniale geschiedenis van Amsterdam. Aan de vooravond van het herdenkingsjaar voor de slavernij, pleit historicus Sander van der Horst ervoor ook dít verleden van de stad te herdenken. Show less

Wijnker, W. 2021

Op deze drie manieren kunnen grafieken je misleiden

Blog entry

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Grafieken zijn uitermate geschikt om veel en complexe data weer te geven: ze bieden in één oogopslag overzicht en duidelijkheid. En ze hebben een objectieve uitstraling waardoor ze het vaak goed... Show moreGrafieken zijn uitermate geschikt om veel en complexe data weer te geven: ze bieden in één oogopslag overzicht en duidelijkheid. En ze hebben een objectieve uitstraling waardoor ze het vaak goed doen als argument bij een statement: “De cijfers liegen niet.” Behalve als ze dat wel doen, en dat komt helaas maar al te vaak voor. Daarom hier een lesje nepnieuws doorprikken in grafieken. Show less

Hulst, M.B.; Grocholski, T.; Neefjes, J.J.C.; Wezel, G.P. van; Metsa-Ketela, M. 2021

Anthracyclines: biosynthesis, engineering and clinical applications

Article / Letter to editor

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Covering: January 1995 to June 2021 Anthracyclines are glycosylated microbial natural products that harbour potent antiproliferative activities. Doxorubicin has been widely used as an anticancer... Show moreCovering: January 1995 to June 2021 Anthracyclines are glycosylated microbial natural products that harbour potent antiproliferative activities. Doxorubicin has been widely used as an anticancer agent in the clinic for several decades, but its use is restricted due to severe side-effects such as cardiotoxicity. Recent studies into the mode-of-action of anthracyclines have revealed that effective cardiotoxicity-free anthracyclines can be generated by focusing on histone eviction activity, instead of canonical topoisomerase II poisoning leading to double strand breaks in DNA. These developments have coincided with an increased understanding of the biosynthesis of anthracyclines, which has allowed generation of novel compound libraries by metabolic engineering and combinatorial biosynthesis. Coupled to the continued discovery of new congeners from rare Actinobacteria, a better understanding of the biology of Streptomyces and improved production methodologies, the stage is set for the development of novel anthracyclines that can finally surpass doxorubicin at the forefront of cancer chemotherapy. Show less

Gemst, J.J. van; Passmann, N.J.H.G.; Rops, A.L.W.M.M.; Kuppevelt, T.H. van; Berden, J.H.; Loeven, M.A.; ... ; Vlag, J. van der 2021

Blocking of inflammatory heparan sulfate domains by specific antibodies is not protective in experimental glomerulonephritis

Article / Letter to editor

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Glomerulonephritis is an acquired serious glomerular disease, which involves the interplay of many factors such as cytokines, chemokines, inflammatory cells, and heparan sulfate (HS). We previously... Show moreGlomerulonephritis is an acquired serious glomerular disease, which involves the interplay of many factors such as cytokines, chemokines, inflammatory cells, and heparan sulfate (HS). We previously showed that blocking of inflammatory heparan sulfate domains on cultured glomerular endothelium by specific anti-HS single chain antibodies reduced polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) adhesion and chemokine binding. We hypothesized that injection of anti-HS antibodies in PMN-driven experimental glomerulonephritis should reduce glomerular influx of PMNs and thereby lead to a better renal outcome. In contrast to our hypothesis, co-injection of anti-HS antibodies did not alter the final outcome of anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM)-induced glomerulonephritis. Glomerular PMN influx, normally peaking 2 hours after induction of glomerulonephritis with anti-GBM IgG was not reduced by co-injection of anti-HS antibodies. Four days after induction of glomerulonephritis, albuminuria, renal function, glomerular hyalinosis and fibrin deposition were similar in mice treated and not treated with anti-HS antibodies. Interestingly, we observed transient effects in mice co-injected with anti-HS antibodies compared to mice that did not receive anti-HS antibodies: (i) a decreased renal function 2 hours and 1 day after induction of glomerulonephritis; (ii) an increased albuminuria after 2 hours and 1 day; (iii) an increased glomerular fibrin deposition after 1 day; (iv) a reduced glomerular macrophage influx after 1 day; (v) a sustained glomerular presence of PMNs at day 1 and 4, accompanied by an increased renal expression of IL-6, CXCL1, ICAM-1, L-selectin, CD11b and NF-kappa B. The mechanism underlying these observations induced by anti-HS antibodies remains unclear, but may be explained by a temporarily altered glycocalyx and/or altered function of PMNs due to the binding of anti-HS antibodies. Nevertheless, the evaluated anti-HS antibodies do not show therapeutic potential in anti-GBM-induced glomerulonephritis. Future research should evaluate other strategies to target HS domains involved in inflammatory processes during glomerulonephritis. Show less

Toufaily, C.; Fortin, J.; Alonso, C.A.I.; Lapointe, E.; Zhou, X.; Santiago-Andres, Y.; ... ; Bernard, D.J. 2021

Addition of a carboxy-terminal tail to the normally tailless gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor impairs fertility in female mice

Article / Letter to editor

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Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is the primary neuropeptide controlling reproduction in vertebrates. GnRH stimulates follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) synthesis... Show moreGonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is the primary neuropeptide controlling reproduction in vertebrates. GnRH stimulates follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) synthesis via a G-protein-coupled receptor, GnRHR, in the pituitary gland. In mammals, GnRHR lacks a C-terminal cytosolic tail (Ctail) and does not exhibit homologous desensitization. This might be an evolutionary adaptation that enables LH surge generation and ovulation. To test this idea, we fused the chicken GnRHR Ctail to the endogenous murine GnRHR in a transgenic model. The LH surge was blunted, but not blocked in these mice. In contrast, they showed reductions in FSH production, ovarian follicle development, and fertility. Addition of the Ctail altered the nature of agonist-induced calcium signaling required for normal FSH production. The loss of the GnRHR Ctail during mammalian evolution is unlikely to have conferred a selective advantage by enabling the LH surge. The adaptive significance of this specialization remains to be determined. Show less

Patterson, N.; Isakov, M.; Booth, T.; Buster, L.; Fischer, C.E.; Olalde, I.; ... ; Reich, D. 2021

Large-scale migration into Britain during the Middle to Late Bronze Age

Article / Letter to editor

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Present-day people from England and Wales have more ancestry derived from early European farmers (EEF) than did people of the Early Bronze Age(1). To understand this, here we generated genome-wide... Show morePresent-day people from England and Wales have more ancestry derived from early European farmers (EEF) than did people of the Early Bronze Age(1). To understand this, here we generated genome-wide data from 793 individuals, increasing data from the Middle to the Late Bronze Age and Iron Age in Britain by 12-fold, and western and central Europe by 3.5-fold. Between 1000 and 875 bc, EEF ancestry increased in southern Britain (England and Wales) but not northern Britain (Scotland) due to incorporation of migrants who arrived at this time and over previous centuries, and who were genetically most similar to ancient individuals from France. These migrants contributed about half the ancestry of people of England and Wales from the Iron Age, thereby creating a plausible vector for the spread of early Celtic languages into Britain. These patterns are part of a broader trend of EEF ancestry becoming more similar across central and western Europe in the Middle to the Late Bronze Age, coincident with archaeological evidence of intensified cultural exchange(2-6). There was comparatively less gene flow from continental Europe during the Iron Age, and the independent genetic trajectory in Britain is also reflected in the rise of the allele conferring lactase persistence to approximately 50% by this time compared to approximately 7% in central Europe where it rose rapidly in frequency only a millennium later. This suggests that dairy products were used in qualitatively different ways in Britain and in central Europe over this period. Show less

Welker, G. 2021

One million spins as study tools and study objects: perspectives from magnetic (resonance) force microscopy and muon spin spectroscopy

Doctoral Thesis

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Bussemaker, M.; Leerink, B. 2021

Het debat over het al dan niet bezuinigen in zorguitgaven verhult en diepliggend probleem

Other

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Patterson, N.; Isakov, M.; Booth, T.; Büster, L.; Fischer, C.; Olalde, I.; ... ; Reich, D. 2021

Large-scale migration into Britain during the Middle to Late Bronze Age

Article / Letter to editor

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Present-day people from England and Wales harbour more ancestry derived from Early European Farmers (EEF) than people of the Early Bronze Age1. To understand this, we generated genome-wide data... Show morePresent-day people from England and Wales harbour more ancestry derived from Early European Farmers (EEF) than people of the Early Bronze Age1. To understand this, we generated genome-wide data from 793 individuals, increasing data from the Middle to Late Bronze and Iron Age in Britain by 12-fold, and Western and Central Europe by 3.5-fold. Between 1000 and 875 BC, EEF ancestry increased in southern Britain (England and Wales) but not northern Britain (Scotland) due to incorporation of migrants who arrived at this time and over previous centuries, and who were genetically most similar to ancient individuals from France. These migrants contributed about half the ancestry of Iron Age people of England and Wales, thereby creating a plausible vector for the spread of early Celtic languages into Britain. These patterns are part of a broader trend of EEF ancestry becoming more similar across central and western Europe in the Middle to Late Bronze Age, coincident with archaeological evidence of intensified cultural exchange2-6. There was comparatively less gene flow from continental Europe during the Iron Age, and Britain's independent genetic trajectory is also reflected in the rise of the allele conferring lactase persistence to ~50% by this time compared to ~7% in central Europe where it rose rapidly in frequency only a millennium later. This suggests that dairy products were used in qualitatively different ways in Britain and in central Europe over this period. Show less

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