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Khalil, S.S.; Tawfik, N.S.; Spruit M. 2024

Federated learning for privacy-preserving depression detection with multilingual language models in social media posts

Article / Letter to editor

open access

Jara, H.X.; Mideros Mora, A.; Palacio Ludeña, M.G. 2024

Política social, pobreza y desigualdad en el Ecuador: 1980-2021

Book editorial

metadata only

El libro analiza la política social en el Ecuador y sus transformaciones a lo largo de las últimas cuatro décadas, explorando cómo las relaciones sociales y los sistemas institucionales han...

El libro analiza la política social en el Ecuador y sus transformaciones a lo largo de las últimas cuatro décadas, explorando cómo las relaciones sociales y los sistemas institucionales han impulsado o limitado las nociones de bienestar, las políticas implementadas y los resultados obtenidos. Se toma como área de estudio una perspectiva amplia de la política social, desde los procesos que afectan las condiciones de la vida humana, los sistemas de políticas sociales desde lo público (el Estado) y sus instituciones, pero también las acciones de otros actores. El libro aborda el sistema tributario ecuatoriano, los programas de asistencia social, la seguridad social, los sistemas de salud y educación, la protección de niños, niñas y adolescentes, la incidencia de las reformas de impuestos directos y transferencias monetarias, y la evolución del bienestar desde una perspectiva multidimensional. De esta manera se logra un análisis amplio del proceso de construcción de un sistema de protección social o régimen de bienestar aún en desarrollo y disputa.

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Izurieta, G.; Palacio Ludeña, M.G. 2024

Transformaciones y desafíos de la asistencia social en Ecuador: 1980-2021

Part of book or chapter of book

metadata only

Barz, M.; Parak, W.J.; Zentel, R. 2024

Concepts and approaches to reduce or avoid protein corona formation on nanoparticles: challenges and opportunities

Article / Letter to editor

open access

Spencer, H.; Parianen Lesemann, F.H.; Buisman, R.S.M.; Kraaijenvanger, E.J.; Branje, S.; Boks, M.P.M.; Bos, P.A. 2024

Facing infant cuteness: how nurturing care motivation and oxytocin system gene methylation are associated with responses to baby schema features

Article / Letter to editor

open access

Baby schema features are a specific set of physical features-including chubby cheeks, large, low-set eyes, and a large, round head-that have evolutionary adaptive value in their ability to trigger... Show moreBaby schema features are a specific set of physical features-including chubby cheeks, large, low-set eyes, and a large, round head-that have evolutionary adaptive value in their ability to trigger nurturant care. In this study among nulliparous women (N = 81; M age = 23.60, SD = 0.44), we examined how sensitivity to these baby schema features differs based on individual variations in nurturant care motivation and oxytocin system gene methylation. We integrated subjective ratings with measures of facial expressions and electroencephalography (EEG) in response to infant faces that were manipulated to contain more or less pronounced baby schema features. Linear mixed effects analyses demonstrated that infants with more pronounced baby schema features were rated as cuter and participants indicated greater motivation to take care of them. Furthermore, infants with more pronounced baby schema features elicited stronger smiling responses and enhanced P2 and LPP amplitudes compared to infants with less pronounced baby schema features. Importantly, individual differences significantly predicted baby schema effects. Specifically, women with low OXTR methylation and high nurturance motivation showed enhanced differentiation in automatic neurophysiological responses to infants with high and low levels of baby schema features. These findings highlight the importance of considering individual differences in continued research to further understand the complexities of sensitivity to child cues, including facial features, which will improve our understanding of the intricate neurobiological system that forms the basis of caregiving behavior. Show less

Myagmardorj, R.; Fortuni, F.; Galloo, X.; Nabeta, T.; Meucci, M.C.; Butcher S.C.; ... ; Ajmone Marsan, N. 2024

Changes in global longitudinal strain after TAVI: additional prognostic value over cardiac damage in patients with severe aortic stenosis

Article / Letter to editor

open access

Background: Previous studies demonstrated the prognostic value of baseline cardiac damage staging as well as left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LVGLS) in patients undergoing transcatheter... Show moreBackground: Previous studies demonstrated the prognostic value of baseline cardiac damage staging as well as left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LVGLS) in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the changes in cardiac damage stage and LVGLS after TAVI and to investigate their prognostic values when integrated into the follow-up assessment. Methods: Patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing TAVI were hierarchically classified into cardiac damage stages based on echocardiographic criteria before TAVI and at a 6-month follow-up. At the same time, LVGLS was measured. The staging system included stage 0 = no signs of cardiac damage; stage 1 = LV damage; stage 2 = mitral or left atrial damage; stage 3 = pulmonary vasculature or tricuspid damage; and stage 4 = right ventricular damage. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. Results: A total of 620 patients were included. At follow-up, LVGLS significantly improved, and the improvement was similar among each baseline cardiac damage stage. Follow-up LVGLS values were divided into quintiles, and each quintile was integrated into the cardiac damage staging, leading to a reclassification of 308 (50%) patients. At the time of a median follow-up at 48 (IQR 31–71) months starting from the 6-month follow-up after TAVI, 262 (38%) patients had died. A multivariable Cox regression model showed that LVGLS-integrated cardiac damage staging at follow-up had an incremental prognostic value over the baseline assessment (HR per 1-stage increase 1.384; 95% CI 1.152–1.663; p < 0.001). Conclusions: The integration of LVGLS with conventional echocardiographic parameters of cardiac damage at a 6-month follow-up after TAVI can improve patient risk-stratification. Show less

Rietjens, S.J.H. 2024

Innovatie in de schaduw: de strijd van geheime diensten

Inaugural lecture

open access

Babaei, M.; Evers, T.M.J.; Gaudio, N. Del.; Altucci, L.; Mashaghi, A. 2024

Design principles and control of non-cooperative oscillatory enzymatic reactions

Article / Letter to editor

open access

Verhaar, E.R. 2024

Targeting MHC-I related proteins for cancer diagnosis and therapy

Doctoral Thesis

open access

This thesis is focused on the targeting of two antigens often expressed on the surface of cancer cells: MICA and HLA-E. Both antigens are members of the MHC-I family of proteins. They both act as... Show moreThis thesis is focused on the targeting of two antigens often expressed on the surface of cancer cells: MICA and HLA-E. Both antigens are members of the MHC-I family of proteins. They both act as ligands for the NK receptors on NK cells and CD8+ T cells. We target MICA using nanobodies, or VHHs, the small variable regions of camelid-derived heavy-chain only antibodies. The nanobodies are used as nanobody-drug conjugate, fused to the Mertansine-derivative DM1, or as the targeting domain of chimeric antigen receptors to create CAR NK cells. These nanobody-based immunotherapies selectively target and kill MICA-positive cancer cells. We target HLA-E with an antibody directed against a 13-amino acid epitope unique to the cytoplasmic tail of HLA-E. The antibody is specific to HLA-E and can be used for detection of HLA-E positive cells in flow cytometry and immunofluorescence and detection of HLA-E positive tumors in immunohistochemistry. Together with the epitope, the antibody can be used as a novel epitope tag for detection and purification of unrelated proteins. Show less

Rüland, A.N. 2024

Who gets what, when, and how? An analysis of stakeholder interests and conflicts in and around Big Science

Doctoral Thesis

open access

Big Science, commonly defined as conventional science made big in three dimensions, namely organizations, machines, and politics, brings a plethora of different stakeholders together, often for a... Show moreBig Science, commonly defined as conventional science made big in three dimensions, namely organizations, machines, and politics, brings a plethora of different stakeholders together, often for a long period of time. This includes policymakers, scientists, (scientific) managers as well as local “host” communities. Each group has considerable, though often different, stakes in Big Science. These diverging interests require stakeholders to negotiate and to compromise between and among one another. Using qualitative methods, this dissertation contributes to a deeper understanding of such processes in and around Big Science in two distinct ways. First, it sheds light on how different stakeholders pursue and negotiate their interests within and in relation to Big Science. In doing so, the thesis pays particular attention to non-Western and indigenous actors, two stakeholder groups that the existing literature on Big Science has so far largely neglected. Second, it theorizes how conflicts emerge and develop between and among stakeholders, thus advancing theory-building in the largely undertheorized literature on Big Science. Overall, the dissertation demonstrates that, in contrast to conventional science, Big Science carries significant symbolism for the involved stakeholders, which often impedes effective stakeholder and conflict management. Show less

Zhang, C. 2024

From noise to insight: the functional role of BOLD signal variability and aperiodic neural activity in metacontrol

Doctoral Thesis

some documents under embargo until 2026-01-04

This thesis explores the role of what has traditionally been considered as neural “noise”, specifically BOLD signal variability and aperiodic neural activity, in human cognitive functions,... Show moreThis thesis explores the role of what has traditionally been considered as neural “noise”, specifically BOLD signal variability and aperiodic neural activity, in human cognitive functions, particularly in metacontrol. The metacontrol model assumes that individuals vary in their cognitive styles between "persistence" and "flexibility." Persistence emphasizes focused goal pursuit, while flexibility allows for easy task switching and consideration of diverse possibilities. Through three empirical studies, this thesis investigates the relationship between two specific forms of neural "noise" – BOLD signal variability and aperiodic neural activity – and metacontrol biases (i.e., persistence vs. flexibility). Chapter 2 emphasizes the importance of resting-state BOLD signal variability in understanding individualized cognitive control styles. Chapter 3 highlights the importance of the aperiodic component of the EEG power spectrum in reflecting demand-specific metacontrol states. Notably, Chapter 4 illuminates the functional significance of aperiodic activity in creative thinking. Overall, the research presented in this thesis highlights the importance of resting-state BOLD signal variability and aperiodic activity in the EEG power spectrum for understanding the neural underpinnings of cognitive functions. Show less

Pagano, M. 2024

The wild Brauer-Manin obstruction on K3 surfaces

Doctoral Thesis

open access

In this thesis, rational points on K3 surfaces are studied. In the first part of Chapter 1 the Brauer group and the the Brauer-Manin obstruction are introduced. The second part of Chapter 1 is... Show moreIn this thesis, rational points on K3 surfaces are studied. In the first part of Chapter 1 the Brauer group and the the Brauer-Manin obstruction are introduced. The second part of Chapter 1 is devoted to the introduction of the refined Swan conductor and the link between the latter and the Brauer-Manin set. The aim of Chapter 2 is to give the first example of a K3 surface over a number field (in fact, over the rational numbers) for which a prime of good reduction is involved in the Brauer-Manin obstruction; this gives a negative answer to a question originally asked by Swinnerton-Dyer. In Chapter 3 the role of primes of good reduction in the Brauer-Manin obstruction is discussed, with a focus on K3 surfaces. Finally, in the last chapter, after introducing some techniques that can be used to compute the refined Swan conductor, several examples of Brauer-Manin obstruction on K3 surfaces are provided, with a focus on Kummer K3 surfaces. Show less

Deursen, L. van; Vaart, R. van der; Chavannes, N.H.; Aardoom, J.J. 2024

What is needed for improved uptake and adoption of digital aftercare programs by cancer survivors: a mixed methods study applying the COM-B model

Article / Letter to editor

open access

Introduction Cancer survivors face physical, lifestyle, psychological, and psychosocial challenges. Despite the availability of aftercare services, survivors still have unmet needs. Digital... Show moreIntroduction Cancer survivors face physical, lifestyle, psychological, and psychosocial challenges. Despite the availability of aftercare services, survivors still have unmet needs. Digital aftercare programs may ofer support, but their use is limited. This study aimed to examine what is needed to improve uptake and adoption of these programs. Additionally, it explored sociodemographic and clinical variables that may infuence these needs. Methods A mixed-methods approach was used, involving qualitative interviews and a questionnaire. The research was guided by the COM-B model of behaviour, which considers capability, opportunity, and motivation crucial for behaviour. Qualitative analysis was performed using the framework method. Statistical analyses involved descriptive statistics and regression analysis. Results Fourteen cancer survivors were interviewed, and 213 participants completed the questionnaire. Findings indicated that most respondents had a positive or neutral attitude towards digital aftercare programs, believing these could address their cancer-related challenges. Still, only a small percentage had experience with them, and most were unaware of their existence. Many expressed a desire to be informed about them. Some were uncertain about their efectiveness. Others were concerned about a lack of reimbursement. No signifcant infuence of the sociodemographic and clinical variables was found. Conclusion Cancer survivors are generally positive about digital aftercare programs but are often unaware of their availability. Raising awareness, clarifying their value, and providing support and reimbursement could enhance uptake and adoption. Implications for Cancer Survivors The current insights can help improve participation in digital aftercare programs, ultimately fostering health, well-being, and quality of life of cancer survivors. Show less

Shobeiri, S.A. 2024

The afloat photographer: corporeal immersivity as an instance of sheer inactivity

Article / Letter to editor

open access

By discussing the bodily aspects of undersea immersion, this paper investigates the lived experiences of the photographer’s body in space. To do this, it draws on the work of phenomenological... Show moreBy discussing the bodily aspects of undersea immersion, this paper investigates the lived experiences of the photographer’s body in space. To do this, it draws on the work of phenomenological philosophers who have theorized the body, such as Edmund Husserl, Edward S. Casey, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, and Gaston Bachelard, showing how the body is simultaneously active and passive in its environs. To make this point tangible, it examines a recent photographic work by contemporary Dutch artist Roosmarijn Pallandt, who attempts to capture her bodily sensations by submerging herself underwater while taking photographs. The paper argues that her photographic practice augments the bilaterality of the phenomenal body: being both a physical body (Körper) that needs to hold together kinesthetically and a lived body (Leib) that can go further proprioceptively. Consequently, by employing phenomenology vis-à-vis Pallandt’s photographic practice, the author defines immersivity as being concurrently still and moving, static and dynamic, passive and active, that is: as being inactive in space. Following this line of argument, he puts forward that the bodily immersivity is an instance of sheer inactivity. Show less

Berenpas, M. 2024

Moving beyond identity: reading the Zhuangzi and Levinas as resources for comparative philosophy

Doctoral Thesis

open access

In this dissertation I argue that the proto-daoist text the Zhuangzi and the ethical relation of Levinas are fruitful resources to reconsider the self-other relation in comparative philosophy.... Show moreIn this dissertation I argue that the proto-daoist text the Zhuangzi and the ethical relation of Levinas are fruitful resources to reconsider the self-other relation in comparative philosophy. Comparative philosophy is a hermeneutical practice in which the philosopher's assumptions, beliefs and emotional commitments influence and determine the comparative process. I argue that in order to overcome injustice and theoretical colonization of the cultural other, we need to adopt an ethical attiude in which we reside in the pivot and are willing to take the quesiton of social justice into account Show less

Zhang, W. 2024

Metacontrol in the brain: investigating neural mechanisms of persistence and flexibility states during meditation and creative thinking using EEG and fMRI techniques

Doctoral Thesis

some documents under embargo until 2026-01-03

To cope with environmental changes, humans need to adjust their cognitive control states to meet different challenges. Two important cognitive control states are cognitive persistence and cognitive... Show moreTo cope with environmental changes, humans need to adjust their cognitive control states to meet different challenges. Two important cognitive control states are cognitive persistence and cognitive flexibility. Persistence is a state of maintaining stable attention, while flexibility is a state where attention can switch freely. These two states are antagonistic to each other; one cannot switch attention flexibly while being focused, and one cannot focus on a single stimulus while switching attention flexibly. Our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying these cognitive control states is still limited. Therefore, in this dissertation, we used two brain science research techniques, EEG and fMRI, to study brain activities associated with these two states. To induce these states, the dissertation employed two creative thinking tasks, namely convergent thinking and divergent thinking, and two meditation techniques, focused attention meditation and open monitoring meditation. The results discuss EEG and fMRI indicators related to these states, providing preliminary evidence for research in this field. Show less

Schiavo, R. 2024

Only the dead can tell us: on ancestor worship, law, social status, and gender norms in ancient Egypt

Doctoral Thesis

open access

The main aim of the present thesis is to investigate the authoritative role of the ancestors in matters of social cohesion, succession, inheritance, property ownership and gender norms. In... Show moreThe main aim of the present thesis is to investigate the authoritative role of the ancestors in matters of social cohesion, succession, inheritance, property ownership and gender norms. In particular the purpose is to ascertain whether religious sources concerning the cult of the ancestors can provide concrete evidence on how justice was actually administrated in Ancient Egypt. The title – Only the dead can tell us – derived indeed from the idea that this core of religious beliefs, which also included necromantic practices, can be invaluable for better understanding Ancient Egyptian society and justice. Show less

Iwasaki, N.; Yoshioka, K. 2024

Thinking-for-speaking to describe motion events: English-Japanese bilinguals’ L1 English and L2 Japanese speech and gesture

Part of book or chapter of book

open access

Heutz, J.W.; Looijen, A.E.M.; Kuijpers, J.H.S.A.M.; Schreurs, M.W.J.; Helm-van Mil, A.H.M. van der; Jong, P.H.P. de 2024

The prognostic value of IgA anti-citrullinated protein antibodies and rheumatoid factor in an early arthritis population with a treat-to-target approach

Article / Letter to editor

open access

The mucosal origin hypothesis of rheumatoid arthritis has renewed the interest in IgA autoantibodies, but their added value over IgG anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) and IgM rheumatoid... Show moreThe mucosal origin hypothesis of rheumatoid arthritis has renewed the interest in IgA autoantibodies, but their added value over IgG anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) and IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) for modern treatment outcomes remains unknown. We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of IgA-ACPA and IgA-RF for treatment outcomes in an early arthritis population. IgA-ACPA/RF isotypes were measured in baseline sera from 480 inflammatory arthritis (IA) patients, who were included in the treatment in the Rotterdam Early Arthritis Cohort trial (tREACH). The tREACH trial was a multicentre, stratified, single-blinded trial with a treat-to-target approach. The prognostic value of IgA-ACPA/RF was determined by evaluating differences in (1) quick-attained (< 6 months after diagnosis) and persistent remission rates, (2) DMARD-free remission and (3) biological use between IA patients with and without IgA-ACPA/RF over 3 years of follow-up. IgA-ACPA was present in 23% of patients and overlapped with IgG-ACPA positivity in 94%. Similarly, IgA-RF overlapped with IgM-RF in 90% of patients. IgA-ACPA positivity was associated with lower DFR rates and more biological use, but this effect was largely mediated by the presence of IgG-ACPA, since this effect disappeared after stratification for IgG-ACPA (HR 0.6, 95%CI 0.2-1.6 for DFR). No differences were observed in ‘quick-attained and persistent remission’ rates and for IgA-RF. Their seems to be no additional value of IgA-ACPA and IgA-RF for modern, long-term clinical outcomes. The effects of IgA-ACPA seen in our study are largely mediated by the presence of IgG-ACPA. Based on these results, there is no rationale for measuring these isotypes in daily practice. Show less

Donís Vela, A. 2024

Tangent fermions: massless fermions on a lattice

Doctoral Thesis

open access

In some condensed matter systems, such as the surface of a 3D topological insulator, the electrons are effectively massless and we must necessarily use the massless Dirac equation to describe them... Show moreIn some condensed matter systems, such as the surface of a 3D topological insulator, the electrons are effectively massless and we must necessarily use the massless Dirac equation to describe them.A very convenient way to numerically solve this equation is to discretise them. However, the Nielsen-Ninomiya theorem proves that if we try to do it naively, extra unphysical massless fermion species appear, giving rise to a number of undesired artefacts. This is known as fermion doubling, and the main focus of this thesis is to tackle this problem via the discretisation method of tangent fermions.Chapters 2,3 and 4 are devoted to developing various aspects of this method. Chapters 5 and 6 are not directly related to the method of tangent fermions but still describe processes that arise in materials with a Dirac-like dispersion relation. In chapter 5, we study the effect a non-zero net supercurrent parallel to the edges of a topological superconductor. We find that the supercurrent can induce a "chirality inversion'' of the Majorana edge modes.In the last chapter, we simulate the injection of "edge-vortices'' into a topological superconductor. These are a type of quasiparticles that can theoretically be used to realise a quantum computer. Show less

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