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Andreeva, V.D.; Regeni, I.; Yang, T.; Elmanova, A.; Presselt, M.; Dietzek-Ivansic, B.; Bonnet, S.A. 2024

Red-to-blue triplet: triplet annihilation upconversion for calcium sensing

Article / Letter to editor

open access

Triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion is a bimolecular process converting low-energy photons into high-energy photons. Here, we report a calcium-sensing system working via triplet-triplet... Show moreTriplet-triplet annihilation upconversion is a bimolecular process converting low-energy photons into high-energy photons. Here, we report a calcium-sensing system working via triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) upconverted emission. The probe itself was obtained by covalent conjugation of a blue emitter, perylene, with a calcium-chelating moiety, and it was sensitized by the red-light-absorbing photosensitizer palladium(II) tetraphenyltetrabenzoporphyrin (PdTPTBP). Sensing was selective for Ca2+ and occurred in the micromolar domain. In deoxygenated conditions, the TTA upconverted luminescence gradually appeared upon adding an increasing concentration of calcium ions, to reach a maximum upconversion quantum yield of 0.0020. Show less

Marciello, M.; Cusati, V.; Nicolosi, F.; Saavedra-Rubio, K.; Pierrat, E.; Thonemann, N.; Laurent, A. 2024

Evaluating the economic landscape of hybrid-electric regional aircraft: a cost analysis across three time horizons

Article / Letter to editor

under embargo until 2025-01-16

This article presents the results of a prospective cost analysis of future regional aviation solutions, specifically focusing on hybrid-electric regional aircraft for 50 passengers. The study spans three time horizons (short term, medium term, long term) and employs a validated workflow to estimate costs for various solutions, including conventional, hybrid-electric, and hydrogen-based architectures. A specialized cost model is introduced to assess the electric components of the powertrain, emphasizing maintenance expenses and energy costs. Despite the environmental promise of hybrid and electric solutions, the results reveal significantly higher direct operating costs (up to 69.8%) compared to conventional options. The study highlights the importance of targeted policies to incentivize sustainable alternatives, suggesting potential solutions such as discouraging kerosene-based aircraft and promoting sustainable aviation fuel. These insights provide valuable guidance for industry stakeholders navigating the path toward a more sustainable and economically viable aviation future.

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Groen, R.A.; Barbero, F.L.; Fischer, S.E.; Dijkman, P.R.M. van; Bax, J.J.; Tushuizen, M.E.; ... ; Graaf, M.A. de 2024

Coronary artery calcium assessment on non-gated chest CT to optimize pre-operative cardiac screening in liver transplantation

Article / Letter to editor

open access

BackgroundGuidelines recommend standard pre-operative cardiac screening in all liver transplantation (LT) recipients, despite the relatively low prevalence of obstructive coronary artery disease.... Show moreBackgroundGuidelines recommend standard pre-operative cardiac screening in all liver transplantation (LT) recipients, despite the relatively low prevalence of obstructive coronary artery disease. Most LT recipients often have non-gated computed tomography (CT) performed of the chest and abdomen. This study evaluated the ability of coronary artery calcification (CAC) assessment on consecutively available scans, to identify a selection of low-risk patients, in whom further cardiac imaging can be safely withheld.MethodsLT recipients with prior non-gated CT chest-abdomen were included. CAC was visually scored on a semi-quantitative ordinal scale. Stress myocardial perfusion, coronary CT angiography (CCTA) and invasive coronary angiography (ICA) were used as golden standard. The sensitivity and specificity of CAC to exclude and predict obstructive CAD were assessed. In addition, peri- and postoperative mortality and cardiac events were analyzed.Results149 LT recipients (ranged 31–71 years) were included. In 75% of patients, no CAC and mild CAC could rule out obstructive CAD on CCTA and ICA with 100% certainty. The threshold of mild CAC had a sensitivity of 100% for both CCTA and ICA and a specificity of 91% and 68%, respectively. None of the patients with no or mild calcifications experienced peri- and post-operative cardiac events or died of cardiac causes.ConclusionVisual evaluation of CAC on prior non-gated CT can accurately and safely exclude obstructive CAD in LT recipients. Incorporation of these already available data can optimize cardiac screening, by safely withholding or correctly allocating dedicated cardiac imaging in LT recipients. Thereby, reducing patients' test burden and save health care expenses. Show less

Hendriks, A.C. 2024

EHRM 9 juli 2024, Savinovskikh e.a. t. Rusland, nr. 16206/19, ECLI:CE:ECHR:2024:0709JUD001620619, EHRC 2024/188, m.nt. A.C. Hendriks: ontzeggen van pleegzorg aan transgender man ongerechtvaardigd en niet in belang kinderen

Annotation

open access

Khalil, S.S.; Tawfik, N.S.; Spruit M. 2024

Federated learning for privacy-preserving depression detection with multilingual language models in social media posts

Article / Letter to editor

open access

Grasseni, C. 2024

Re-territorialising skills? Insights from ethnography on solidarity-economy food activism

Article / Letter to editor

open access

Assadi, H.; Alabed, S.; Li, R.; Matthews, G.; Karunasaagarar, K.; Kasmai, B.; ... ; Garg, P. 2024

Development and validation of AI-derived segmentation of four-chamber cine cardiac magnetic resonance

Article / Letter to editor

open access

Background Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in the four-chamber plane ofers comprehensive insight into the volumetrics of the heart. We aimed to develop an artifcial intelligence (AI) model of time... Show moreBackground Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in the four-chamber plane ofers comprehensive insight into the volumetrics of the heart. We aimed to develop an artifcial intelligence (AI) model of time-resolved segmenta‑ tion using the four-chamber cine. Methods A fully automated deep learning algorithm was trained using retrospective multicentre and multivendor data of 814 subjects. Validation, reproducibility, and mortality prediction were evaluated on an independent cohort of 101 subjects. Results The mean age of the validation cohort was 54 years, and 66 (65%) were males. Left and right heart parame‑ ters demonstrated strong correlations between automated and manual analysis, with a ρ of 0.91−0.98 and 0.89−0.98, respectively, with minimal bias. All AI four-chamber volumetrics in repeatability analysis demonstrated high correla‑ tion (ρ=0.99−1.00) and no bias. Automated four-chamber analysis underestimated both left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes compared to ground-truth short-axis cine analysis. Two correction factors for LV and RV four-chamber analysis were proposed based on systematic bias. After applying the correction factors, a strong correlation and minimal bias for LV volumetrics were observed. During a mean follow-up period of 6.75 years, 16 patients died. On stepwise multivariable analysis, left atrial ejection fraction demonstrated an independent association with death in both manual (hazard ratio (HR)=0.96, p=0.003) and AI analyses (HR=0.96, p<0.001). Conclusion Fully automated four-chamber CMR is feasible, reproducible, and has the same real-world prognostic value as manual analysis. LV volumes by four-chamber segmentation were comparable to short-axis volumetric assessment. Show less

Jara, H.X.; Mideros Mora, A.; Palacio Ludeña, M.G. 2024

Política social, pobreza y desigualdad en el Ecuador: 1980-2021

Book editorial

metadata only

El libro analiza la política social en el Ecuador y sus transformaciones a lo largo de las últimas cuatro décadas, explorando cómo las relaciones sociales y los sistemas institucionales han...

El libro analiza la política social en el Ecuador y sus transformaciones a lo largo de las últimas cuatro décadas, explorando cómo las relaciones sociales y los sistemas institucionales han impulsado o limitado las nociones de bienestar, las políticas implementadas y los resultados obtenidos. Se toma como área de estudio una perspectiva amplia de la política social, desde los procesos que afectan las condiciones de la vida humana, los sistemas de políticas sociales desde lo público (el Estado) y sus instituciones, pero también las acciones de otros actores. El libro aborda el sistema tributario ecuatoriano, los programas de asistencia social, la seguridad social, los sistemas de salud y educación, la protección de niños, niñas y adolescentes, la incidencia de las reformas de impuestos directos y transferencias monetarias, y la evolución del bienestar desde una perspectiva multidimensional. De esta manera se logra un análisis amplio del proceso de construcción de un sistema de protección social o régimen de bienestar aún en desarrollo y disputa.

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Izurieta, G.; Palacio Ludeña, M.G. 2024

Transformaciones y desafíos de la asistencia social en Ecuador: 1980-2021

Part of book or chapter of book

metadata only

Pirie, M.D.; Bellstedt, D.U.; Bouman, R.W.; Fagúndez, J.; Gehrke, B.; Kandziora, M.; ... ; Forest, F. 2024

Spatial decoupling of taxon richness, phylogenetic diversity and threat status in the megagenus Erica (Ericaceae)

Article / Letter to editor

open access

Estimates of the number of vascular plant species currently under threat of extinction are shockingly high, with the highest extinction rates reported for narrow-range, woody plants, especially in... Show moreEstimates of the number of vascular plant species currently under threat of extinction are shockingly high, with the highest extinction rates reported for narrow-range, woody plants, especially in biodiversity hotspots with Mediterranean and tropical climates. The large genus Erica is a prime example, as a large proportion of its 851 species, all shrubs or small trees, are endemic to the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) of South Africa. Almost two hundred are known to be threatened and a further hundred are ‘Data Deficient’. We need to target conservation efforts and research to fill the most problematic knowledge gaps. This can be especially challenging in large genera, such as Erica, with numerous threatened species that are closely related. One approach involves combining knowledge of phylogenetic diversity with that of IUCN threat status to identify the most Evolutionarily Distinct and Globally Endangered (EDGE) species. We present an expanded and improved phylogenetic hypothesis for Erica (representing 65% of described species diversity) and combine this with available threat and distribution data to identify species and geographic areas that could be targeted for conservation effort to maximise preservation of phylogenetic diversity (PD). The resulting 39 EDGE taxa include 35 from the CFR. A further 32 high PD, data deficient taxa are mostly from outside the CFR, reflecting the low proportion of assessed taxa outside South Africa. The most taxon-rich areas are found in the south-western CFR. They are not the most phylogenetically diverse, but do include the most threatened PD. These results can be cross-referenced to existing living and seed-banked ex situ collections and used to target new and updated threat assessments and conservation action. Show less

Mylona, E. 2024

In-between categories: documenting Greek children’s legal belonging in the Suez Canal region

Article / Letter to editor

open access

This paper looks at the complex manner in which children were documented in Ottoman Egypt and their access to citizenship later in postcolonial Egypt. It discusses the making of social and... Show moreThis paper looks at the complex manner in which children were documented in Ottoman Egypt and their access to citizenship later in postcolonial Egypt. It discusses the making of social and political categories, like citizenship and statelessness, and how Greeks moved through those categories. This paper also analyzes how these categories were imposed, first by the Ottoman Empire and then by the Egyptian nation-state. The end of the Ottoman Empire in 1922, and the declaration of the Egyptian Republic in 1953, the Suez Crisis in 1956, the Arab-Israeli Wars in 1967 and 1973, and the new labor laws of the 1950s and 1960s, among other events, impacted Greeks and others who lived in Egypt at that time. The impact among Greeks in Suez Canal cities was particularly evident in the community’s cohesion, as most evacuated the cities in 1967 with almost everyone else following in 1973. These economic and political factors, and the social processes the community underwent, defined Greek children’s relation with the Egyptian postcolonial state. Show less

Nădăban, A.; Frame, C.O.; El Yachioui, D.; Gooris, G.S.; Dalgliesh, R.M.; Malfois, M.; ... ; Bouwstra, J.A. 2024

The sphingosine and phytosphingosine ceramide ratio in lipid models forming the short periodicity phase: an experimental and molecular simulation study

Article / Letter to editor

open access

The lipids located in the outermost layer of the skin, the stratum corneum (SC), play a crucial role in maintaining the skin barrier function. The primary components of the SC lipid matrix are... Show moreThe lipids located in the outermost layer of the skin, the stratum corneum (SC), play a crucial role in maintaining the skin barrier function. The primary components of the SC lipid matrix are ceramides (CERs), cholesterol (CHOL), and free fatty acids (FFAs). They form two crystalline lamellar phases: the long periodicity phase (LPP) and the short periodicity phase (SPP). In inflammatory skin conditions like atopic dermatitis and psoriasis, there are changes in the SC CER composition, such as an increased concentration of a sphingosine-based CER (CER NS) and a reduced concentration of a phytosphingosine-based CER (CER NP). In the present study, a lipid model was created exclusively forming the SPP, to examine whether alterations in the CER NS:CER NP molar ratio would affect the lipid organization. Experimental data were combined with molecular dynamics simulations of lipid models containing CER NS:CER NP at ratios of 1:2 (mimicking a healthy SC ratio) and 2:1 (observed in inflammatory skin diseases), mixed with CHOL and lignoceric acid as the FFA. The experimental findings show that the acyl chains of CER NS and CER NP and the FFA are in close proximity within the SPP unit cell, indicating that CER NS and CER NP adopt a linear conformation, similarly as observed for the LPP. Both the experiments and simulations indicate that the lamellar organization is the same for the two CER NS:CER NP ratios while the SPP NS:NP 1:2 model had a slightly denser hydrogen bonding network than the SPP NS:NP 2:1 model. The simulations show that this might be attributed to intermolecular hydrogen bonding with the additional hydroxide group on the headgroup of CER NP compared with CER NS. Show less

Nimphy C.A., Elzinga B.M., Does A.J.W. van der; Bockstaele B. van; Pérez-Edgar K., Westenberg M, Aktar E. 2024

“Nobody Here Likes Her” the Impact of parental verbal threat information on children’s fear of strangers

Article / Letter to editor

open access

Rousel, J.; Mergen, C.; Bergmans, M.E.; Bruijnincx, L.J.; Kam, M.L. de; Klarenbeek, N.B.; ... ; Rissmann, R. 2024

Guselkumab treatment normalizes the stratum corneum ceramide profile and alleviates barrier dysfunction in psoriasis: results of a randomized controlled trial

Article / Letter to editor

open access

INTRODUCTION\nMETHODS\nRESULTS\nCONCLUSION\nThe epidermal inflammation associated with psoriasis drives skin barrier perturbations. The skin barrier is primarily located in stratum corneum (SC).... Show moreINTRODUCTION\nMETHODS\nRESULTS\nCONCLUSION\nThe epidermal inflammation associated with psoriasis drives skin barrier perturbations. The skin barrier is primarily located in stratum corneum (SC). Its function depends on the SC lipid matrix of which ceramides constitute important components. Changes in the ceramide profile directly correlate to barrier function. In this study, we characterized the dynamics of the barrier function and ceramide profile of psoriatic skin during anti-Interleukin-23 therapy with guselkumab.\nWe conducted a double-blind, randomized controlled trial in which 26 mild-to-severe plaque psoriasis patients were randomization 3:1 to 100mg guselkumab or placebo for 16 weeks and barrier dynamics monitored throughout. Barrier function was measured by trans-epidermal Water loss measurements. Untargeted ceramide profiling was performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry after SC was harvested using tape-stripping.\nThe barrier function and ceramide profile of lesional skin normalized to that of controls during treatment with guselkumab, but not placebo. This resulted in significant differences compared to placebo at the end of treatment. Changes in the lesional ceramide profile during treatment correlated with barrier function and target lesion severity. Non-lesional skin remained similar throughout treatment.\nGuselkumab therapy restored the skin barrier in psoriasis. Concomitant correlations between skin barrier function, the ceramide profile and disease severity demonstrate their interdependency. Show less

Barz, M.; Parak, W.J.; Zentel, R. 2024

Concepts and approaches to reduce or avoid protein corona formation on nanoparticles: challenges and opportunities

Article / Letter to editor

open access

Spencer, H.; Parianen Lesemann, F.H.; Buisman, R.S.M.; Kraaijenvanger, E.J.; Branje, S.; Boks, M.P.M.; Bos, P.A. 2024

Facing infant cuteness: how nurturing care motivation and oxytocin system gene methylation are associated with responses to baby schema features

Article / Letter to editor

open access

Baby schema features are a specific set of physical features-including chubby cheeks, large, low-set eyes, and a large, round head-that have evolutionary adaptive value in their ability to trigger... Show moreBaby schema features are a specific set of physical features-including chubby cheeks, large, low-set eyes, and a large, round head-that have evolutionary adaptive value in their ability to trigger nurturant care. In this study among nulliparous women (N = 81; M age = 23.60, SD = 0.44), we examined how sensitivity to these baby schema features differs based on individual variations in nurturant care motivation and oxytocin system gene methylation. We integrated subjective ratings with measures of facial expressions and electroencephalography (EEG) in response to infant faces that were manipulated to contain more or less pronounced baby schema features. Linear mixed effects analyses demonstrated that infants with more pronounced baby schema features were rated as cuter and participants indicated greater motivation to take care of them. Furthermore, infants with more pronounced baby schema features elicited stronger smiling responses and enhanced P2 and LPP amplitudes compared to infants with less pronounced baby schema features. Importantly, individual differences significantly predicted baby schema effects. Specifically, women with low OXTR methylation and high nurturance motivation showed enhanced differentiation in automatic neurophysiological responses to infants with high and low levels of baby schema features. These findings highlight the importance of considering individual differences in continued research to further understand the complexities of sensitivity to child cues, including facial features, which will improve our understanding of the intricate neurobiological system that forms the basis of caregiving behavior. Show less

Bogaerts, J.M.K.; Gussekloo, J.; Jong-Schmit, B.E.M. de; Cessie, S. le; Mooijaart, S.P.; Mast, R.C. van der; ... ; Poortvliet, R.K.E. 2024

Effects of the discontinuation of antihypertensive treatment on neuropsychiatric symptoms and quality of life in nursing home residents with dementia (DANTON) a multicentre, open-label, blinded-outcome, randomised controlled trial

Article / Letter to editor

open access

BackgroundBased on observational studies and randomised controlled trials (RCTs), the benefit–harm balance of antihypertensive treatment in older adults with dementia is unclear.ObjectiveTo assess... Show moreBackgroundBased on observational studies and randomised controlled trials (RCTs), the benefit–harm balance of antihypertensive treatment in older adults with dementia is unclear.ObjectiveTo assess whether discontinuing antihypertensive treatment reduces neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) and maintains quality of life (QoL) in nursing home residents with dementia.DesignOpen-label, blinded-outcome RCT. Randomisation 1:1, stratified by nursing home organisation and baseline NPS. Trial registration: NL7365.SubjectsDutch long-term care residents with moderate-to-severe dementia and systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≤160 mmHg during antihypertensive treatment. Exclusion criteria included heart failure NYHA-class-III/IV, recent cardiovascular events/procedures or life expectancy <4 months (planned sample size n = 492).MeasurementsCo-primary outcomes NPS (Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Nursing Home [NPI-NH]) and QoL (Qualidem) at 16 weeks.ResultsFrom 9 November 2018 to 4 May 2021, 205 participants (median age 85.8 [IQR 79.6–89.5] years; 79.5% female; median SBP 134 [IQR 123–146] mmHg) were randomised to either antihypertensive treatment discontinuation (n = 101) or usual care (n = 104). Safety concerns, combined with lacking benefits, prompted the data safety and monitoring board to advice a premature cessation of randomisation. At 16-week follow-up, no significant differences were found between groups for NPI-NH (adjusted mean difference 1.6 [95% CI –2.3 to 5.6]; P = 0.42) or Qualidem (adjusted mean difference − 2.5 [95% CI –6.0 to 1.0]; P = 0.15). Serious adverse events (SAEs) occurred in 36% (discontinuation) and 24% (usual care) of the participants (adjusted hazard ratio 1.65 [95% CI 0.98–2.79]). All 32-week outcomes favoured usual care.ConclusionHalfway through this study, a non-significant increased SAE risk associated with discontinuing antihypertensive treatment was observed, and an associated interim analysis showed that significant worthwhile health gain for discontinuation of antihypertensive treatment was unlikely. This unbeneficial benefit–harm balance shows that discontinuation of antihypertensive treatment in this context does not appear to be either safe or beneficial enough to be recommended in older adults with dementia. Show less

Myagmardorj, R.; Fortuni, F.; Galloo, X.; Nabeta, T.; Meucci, M.C.; Butcher S.C.; ... ; Ajmone Marsan, N. 2024

Changes in global longitudinal strain after TAVI: additional prognostic value over cardiac damage in patients with severe aortic stenosis

Article / Letter to editor

open access

Background: Previous studies demonstrated the prognostic value of baseline cardiac damage staging as well as left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LVGLS) in patients undergoing transcatheter... Show moreBackground: Previous studies demonstrated the prognostic value of baseline cardiac damage staging as well as left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LVGLS) in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the changes in cardiac damage stage and LVGLS after TAVI and to investigate their prognostic values when integrated into the follow-up assessment. Methods: Patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing TAVI were hierarchically classified into cardiac damage stages based on echocardiographic criteria before TAVI and at a 6-month follow-up. At the same time, LVGLS was measured. The staging system included stage 0 = no signs of cardiac damage; stage 1 = LV damage; stage 2 = mitral or left atrial damage; stage 3 = pulmonary vasculature or tricuspid damage; and stage 4 = right ventricular damage. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. Results: A total of 620 patients were included. At follow-up, LVGLS significantly improved, and the improvement was similar among each baseline cardiac damage stage. Follow-up LVGLS values were divided into quintiles, and each quintile was integrated into the cardiac damage staging, leading to a reclassification of 308 (50%) patients. At the time of a median follow-up at 48 (IQR 31–71) months starting from the 6-month follow-up after TAVI, 262 (38%) patients had died. A multivariable Cox regression model showed that LVGLS-integrated cardiac damage staging at follow-up had an incremental prognostic value over the baseline assessment (HR per 1-stage increase 1.384; 95% CI 1.152–1.663; p < 0.001). Conclusions: The integration of LVGLS with conventional echocardiographic parameters of cardiac damage at a 6-month follow-up after TAVI can improve patient risk-stratification. Show less

Rietjens, S.J.H. 2024

Innovatie in de schaduw: de strijd van geheime diensten

Inaugural lecture

open access

Babaei, M.; Evers, T.M.J.; Gaudio, N. Del.; Altucci, L.; Mashaghi, A. 2024

Design principles and control of non-cooperative oscillatory enzymatic reactions

Article / Letter to editor

open access

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