The role of Italian vernacular varieties in the history of communication in the Mediterranean world has only occasionally been investigated (see Baglioni 2010). In this research are brought to... Show moreThe role of Italian vernacular varieties in the history of communication in the Mediterranean world has only occasionally been investigated (see Baglioni 2010). In this research are brought to attention some letters exchanged between the States General of the United Provinces and the Ottoman Empire between the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. They contribute to framing the spread of the Venetian variety as a lingua franca in diplomatic correspondence between the Mediterranean and Northern European worlds. Show less
Meer, M. van der; Vossen, P.; Jonker, C.M.; Murukannaiah, P.K. 2023
The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has opened up new frontiers of technological possibilities, yet the traditional education system in Indonesia has largely remained entrenched... Show moreThe rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has opened up new frontiers of technological possibilities, yet the traditional education system in Indonesia has largely remained entrenched in con- ventional practices. Despite Indonesia’s recognition for its vibrant AI innovation scene and its diverse student population, there is a signifi- cant gap in exploring the multifaceted implications of AI in, for, and by education within the country. This paper aims to address this gap by delving into three key areas: AI tutors, governance, and (virtue-based) ethical considerations. Drawing insights from both global and Islamic literature, we first examine the discourse surrounding AI tutors within Indonesia’s education system. Next, we discuss the potential applications of AI in governance, including the role of the government and the emer- gence of AI-related education in Indonesia. Thirdly, we contemplate an ethical framework encompassing issues of inequality, public policy, and Islamic-based principles. Throughout, this paper emphasizes the critical importance of examining these three facets of AI’s impact in education. Ultimately, this research raises the intriguing question of how education and AI will mutually shape each other in the future, urging further ex- ploration of this dynamic relationship. Show less
Onderzoek naar werkwoordspelling laat zien dat fouten in de vervoeging veroorzaakt worden door o.a. tijdsdruk en homofone werkwoordsvormen, zoals 'verhuist'-'verhuisd' (cf. Sandra, Frisson &... Show moreOnderzoek naar werkwoordspelling laat zien dat fouten in de vervoeging veroorzaakt worden door o.a. tijdsdruk en homofone werkwoordsvormen, zoals 'verhuist'-'verhuisd' (cf. Sandra, Frisson & Daems, 1999; Chamalaun, 2023). Wij onderzochten een ander struikelblok voor veel leerlingen: de spelling van leenwerkwoorden. Dergelijke werkwoorden dienen volgens de officiële spellingregels van de Nederlandse taal te worden vervoegd (Taalunie, 2011, p. 36), maar veelgebruikte ezelsbruggetjes, zoals die om de stam te vinden (wij-vorm minus 'en'), leveren hier het incorrecte 'gam' in plaats van 'game' op. Daarnaast wordt de spelling van leenwerkwoorden, zo blijkt uit onze data, vaak 'verengelst' - in plaats van 'genetflixt' wordt 'genetflixed' geschreven. In deze bijdrage beantwoorden wij de vraag in welke mate de leenwoordstatus van een werkwoord een rol speelt bij het maken van spelfouten. Daarnaast laten we zien in hoeverre er een relatie bestaat tot typen leenwerkwoorden uitgesplitst naar stameinde, zoals -e en -x in bovenstaande voorbeelden. Daartoe vergeleken we in een grootschalige analyse van recente data afkomstig van website Gespeld (Reuneker, z.d.) de door leerlingen gemaakte fouten in de vervoegingen van leenwerkwoorden en niet-leenwerkwoorden. We laten zien dat een beperkt aantal stamuitgangen het grootste deel van de fouten veroorzaakt en we doen suggesties voor het spellingonderwijs. Show less
In this paper we investigate a fundamental tension in historical games: how they promise to let us experience the past as a playground while at the same time not offering the freedoms to radically... Show moreIn this paper we investigate a fundamental tension in historical games: how they promise to let us experience the past as a playground while at the same time not offering the freedoms to radically explore and experiment with it. Historical games, for all their simulative and immersive power, are still rather stuck in specific forms of past-play. To investigate these borders, and what could lie beyond, we will employ a new political theory of the past, vested in archaeological and anthropological scholarship, as developed by Graeber and Wengrow in their book The Dawn of Everything: A New history of Humanity. In particular, we will use their ideas about fundamental freedoms to analyse how and to what extent processes and moments of radical historical change can be experienced in games. We will do so by focusing on the popular and influential game series Sid Meier’s Civilization. Show less
Werf, V. van der; Helden, G. van; Schleiss, J.; Saunders-Smits, G.N. 2023
We address the question of why global university rankings should not be used for research evaluation. To answer this question, we analyze four groups of literature (academic vs non-academic... Show moreWe address the question of why global university rankings should not be used for research evaluation. To answer this question, we analyze four groups of literature (academic vs non-academic literature, English-language vs Russian-language literature). The analysis shows that most researchers agree that rankings should not be used to evaluate research. However, they are still used for these purposes directly or indirectly, although recent developments give us hope for a change in the situation in the near future. Show less
This paper explores how students conceptualise the processes involved in human translation (HT) and machine translation (MT), and how they describe the similarities and differences between them.... Show moreThis paper explores how students conceptualise the processes involved in human translation (HT) and machine translation (MT), and how they describe the similarities and differences between them. The paperpresents the results of a survey involving university students (B.A. and M.A.) taking a course on translation who filled out an online questionnaire distributed in Finnish, Dutch and English. Our study finds that students often describe both HT and MT in similar terms, suggesting they do not sufficiently distinguish between them and do not fully understand how MT works. The current study suggests that training in Machine Translation Literacy may need to focus more on the conceptualisations involved and how conceptual and vernacular misconceptions may affect how translators understand human and machine translation. Show less
Valdez, S.; Guerberof-Arenas, A.; Ligtenberg, K. 2023
As part of a larger project on the use of MT in healthcare settings among migrant com- munities, this paper investigates if, when, how, and with what (potential) challenges migrants use MT based on... Show moreAs part of a larger project on the use of MT in healthcare settings among migrant com- munities, this paper investigates if, when, how, and with what (potential) challenges migrants use MT based on a survey of 201 non-native speakers of Dutch currently liv- ing in the Netherlands. Three main findings stand out from our analysis. First, the data shows that most migrants use MT to under- stand health information in Dutch and com- municate with health professionals. How MT is used and received varies depending on the context and the L2 language level, as well as age, but not on the educational level. Sec- ond, some users face challenges of different kinds, including a lack of trust or perceived inaccuracies. Some of these challenges relate to comprehension, bringing us to our third point. We argue that more research is needed to understand the needs of migrants when it comes to translated expert-to-non-expert health communication. This questionnaire helped us identify several topics we hope to explore in the project's next phase. Show less
This paper proposes a new conceptual framework for the creation of an interoperable metaverse seamlessly incorporating AI and blockchain technologies. To achieve this, current issues of... Show moreThis paper proposes a new conceptual framework for the creation of an interoperable metaverse seamlessly incorporating AI and blockchain technologies. To achieve this, current issues of interoperability within the discipline’s state-of-the-art are first identified. Next, a new virtual ontology of the interoperable metaverse is proposed, inspired by recent developments in assemblage theory and in specific concepts by Gilles Deleuze, Manuel DeLanda, and Paulo de Assis. In the third and fourth parts of this paper, a new technical solution is presented: a taxonomy of Periodic Spacetime Sequences, devised for practical implementation of a new distributed version control system. This solution could offer an innovative framework for the interoperable metaverse, which could be built using the proposed taxonomy. Show less
The eighteenth-century passion to order and systematize as well as to measure and calculate has been explained as a result of both the Scientific Revolution and the emergence of centralized states.... Show moreThe eighteenth-century passion to order and systematize as well as to measure and calculate has been explained as a result of both the Scientific Revolution and the emergence of centralized states. The first, enabled the new experimental philosophy that quantified the 'sciences', while the latter created the need for statistics (e.g., demographic data). This paper explores the diffusion of the ‘quantifying spirit’ among the wider public in the eighteenth century and offers alternative explanation for the interest of the population at large in structured quantitative data. Using a corpus of 188 handwritten chronicles, produced by a heterogenous group of middle-class authors from the Low Countries, between 1500-1800, it analyses how early modern chroniclers used Western/Hindu-Arabic numerals in their writings, and under which circumstances this changed in the eighteenth century. From the analysis it appears that chroniclers used meteorological measurement and demographic data for different purposes than natural philosophers and (centralized) governments. Moreover, it transpires that the collection of quantitative data was initially stimulated by local governments, subsequently made public by various media, and picked up by the society at large and higher authorities. Show less
Antariksa, C.; Besse, C.; De Bruijn, T.; Kroes, B.; Schaap, L.; De Vink, E.; ... ; Gómez-Maureira, M.A. 2023
Learning analytics sits in the middle space between learning theory and data analytics. The inherent diversity of learning analytics manifests itself in an epistemology that strikes a balance... Show moreLearning analytics sits in the middle space between learning theory and data analytics. The inherent diversity of learning analytics manifests itself in an epistemology that strikes a balance between positivism and interpretivism, and knowledge that is sourced from theory and practice. In this paper, we argue that validation approaches for learning analytics systems should be cognisant of these diverse foundations. Through a systematic review of learning analytics validation research, we find that there is currently an over-reliance on positivistic validity criteria. Researchers tend to ignore interpretivistic criteria such as trustworthiness and authenticity. In the 38 papers we analysed, researchers covered positivistic validity criteria 221 times, whereas interpretivistic criteria were mentioned 37 times. We motivate that learning analytics can only move forward with holistic validation strategies that incorporate “thick descriptions” of educational experiences. We conclude by outlining a planned validation study using argument-based validation, which we believe will yield meaningful insights by considering a diverse spectrum of validity criteria. Show less
Background: The Mayo protocol for liver transplantation in patients with unresectable perihilar cholangiocarcinoma is based on strict selection and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. The role of... Show moreBackground: The Mayo protocol for liver transplantation in patients with unresectable perihilar cholangiocarcinoma is based on strict selection and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. The role of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in this scenario remains unclear. The aim of this study was to compare outcomes after transplantation for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma using strict selection criteria, either with or without neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Methods: This was an international, multicentre, retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent transplantation between 2011 and 2020 for unresectable perihilar cholangiocarcinoma using the Mayo selection criteria and receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy or not receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Endpoints were post-transplant survival, post-transplant morbidity rate, and time to recurrence. Results: Of 49 patients who underwent liver transplantation for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma, 27 received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and 22 did not. Overall 1-, 3-, and 5-year post-transplantation survival rates were 65 per cent, 51 per cent and 41 per cent respectively in the group receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and 91 per cent, 68 per cent and 53 per cent respectively in the group not receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (1-year hazards ratio (HR) 4.55 (95 per cent c.i. 0.98 to 21.13), P = 0.053; 3-year HR 2.07 (95 per cent c.i. 0.78 to 5.54), P = 0.146; 5-year HR 1.71 (95 per cent c.i. 0.71 to 4.09), P = 0.229). Hepatic vascular complications were more frequent in the group receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy compared with the group not receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nine of 27 versus two of 22, P = 0.045). In multivariable analysis, tumour recurrence occurred less frequently in the group receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (HR 0.30 (95 per cent c.i. 0.09 to 0.97), P = 0.044). Conclusion: In selected patients undergoing liver transplantation for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy resulted in a lower risk of tumour recurrence, but was associated with a higher rate of early hepatic vascular complications. Adjustments in neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy reducing the risk of hepatic vascular complications, such as omitting radiotherapy, may further improve the outcome in patients undergoing liver transplantation for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma.This international, multicentre study presents for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, a comparison of two cohorts of patients who underwent transplantation for unresectable perihilar cholangiocarcinoma using the Mayo Clinic selection criteria and either received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy or did not receive neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy resulted in a lower risk of tumour recurrence, but was associated with a higher rate of early hepatic vascular complications. Adjustments in neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy reducing the risk of hepatic vascular complications may further improve the outcome in patients undergoing liver transplantation for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. Show less
