The vascular system delivers oxygen and nutrients through the entire body. In addition, it enables distribution of hormones and immune cells. A proper functioning vascular system is important in... Show moreThe vascular system delivers oxygen and nutrients through the entire body. In addition, it enables distribution of hormones and immune cells. A proper functioning vascular system is important in preventing cardiovascular disease (CVD). In recent years, several risk factors, e.g. smoking and obesity, have been described. Also genetic variants have been shown to influence vascular function and thereby the risk on developing CVD.In this thesis the role of Neuroimmune Guidance Cues (NGCs) in the development of atherosclerosis, one of the main causes of CVD is investigated. The development of atherosclerosis is characterized by the deposition of fatty acids and immune cells in the vessel wall. With several experiments we have shown that NGCs play an important role in the vessel wall and regulate atherosclerosis-related processes. We show that PLXNA4 regulates endothelial permeability, while the Eph receptor B2 regulates migration of monocytes through the vessel. In addition, we have shown that genetic variants in Eph receptor B4, EphrinB2 and Netrin-1 can modulate atherosclerosis-related processes and thereby could influence the development of CVD.The results shown here give us new insights in the function of the vascular system and provide novel targets to treat and/or prevent CVD. Show less