We present a multi-wavelength study of galaxy populations in the core of the massive, X-ray luminous cluster XMMU J2235 at z = 1.39, based on high quality VLT and HST photometry at optical and near... Show moreWe present a multi-wavelength study of galaxy populations in the core of the massive, X-ray luminous cluster XMMU J2235 at z = 1.39, based on high quality VLT and HST photometry at optical and near-infrared wavelengths. We derive luminosity functions in the z, H, and Ks bands, approximately corresponding to restframe U, R and z band. These show a faint-end slope consistent with being flat, and a characteristic magnitude M* close to passive evolution predictions of M* of local massive clusters, with a formation redshift z > 2. The color-magnitude and color-mass diagrams show evidence of a tight red sequence (intrinsic scatter less than or similar to 0.08) of massive galaxies already in place, with overall old stellar populations and generally early-type morphology. Beside the red colors, these massive (>6 x 10(10) M-circle dot) galaxies typically show early-type spectral features, and rest-frame far-UV emission consistent with very low star formation rates (SFR < 0.2 M-circle dot yr(-1)). Star forming spectroscopic members, with SFR of up to similar to 100 M-circle dot/yr, are all located at clustercentric distances greater than or similar to 250 kpc, with the central cluster region already appearing effectively quenched. Most part of the cluster galaxies more massive than 6 x 10(10) M-circle dot within the studied area do not appear to host significant levels of star formation. The high-mass end of the galaxy populations in the core of this cluster appears to be in a very advanced evolutionary stage, not only in terms of formation of the stellar populations, but also of the assembly of the stellar mass. The high-mass end of the galaxy stellar mass function is essentially already in place. The stellar mass fraction estimated within r(500) (similar to 1%, Kroupa IMF) is already similar to that of local massive clusters. On the other hand, surface brightness distribution modeling of the massive red sequence galaxies may suggest that their size is often smaller than expected based on the local stellar mass vs. size relation. An evolution of the stellar mass vs. size relation might imply that, in spite of the overall early assembly of these sources, their evolution is not complete, and processes like minor (and likely dry) merging might still shape the structural properties of these objects to resemble those of their local counterparts, without substantially affecting their stellar mass or host stellar populations. Nonetheless, a definite conclusion on the actual relevance of size evolution for the studied early-type sample is precluded by possible systematics and biases. Show less
We performed a second-generation genome-wide association study of 4,533 individuals with celiac disease (cases) and 10,750 control subjects. We genotyped 113 selected SNPs with P-GWAS < 10(-4)... Show moreWe performed a second-generation genome-wide association study of 4,533 individuals with celiac disease (cases) and 10,750 control subjects. We genotyped 113 selected SNPs with P-GWAS < 10(-4) and 18 SNPs from 14 known loci in a further 4,918 cases and 5,684 controls. Variants from 13 new regions reached genome-wide significance (P-combined < 5 x 10(-8)); most contain genes with immune functions (BACH2, CCR4, CD80, CIITA-SOCS1-CLEC16A, ICOSLG and ZMIZ1), with ETS1, RUNX3, THEMIS and TNFRSF14 having key roles in thymic T-cell selection. There was evidence to suggest associations for a further 13 regions. In an expression quantitative trait meta-analysis of 1,469 whole blood samples, 20 of 38 (52.6%) tested loci had celiac risk variants correlated (P < 0.0028, FDR 5%) with cis gene expression. Show less
