No assessment tools are available to measure shame and guilt in children who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH), while these self-conscious emotions might play a role in the frequently noted social... Show moreNo assessment tools are available to measure shame and guilt in children who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH), while these self-conscious emotions might play a role in the frequently noted social and behavioral problems in this group. Therefore, the aim of this study was to validate the Brief Shame and Guilt Questionnaire (BSGQ) in DHH children. In addition, we examined associations of shame and guilt with social anxiety, self-esteem, delinquency, and psychopathic behaviors. A sum of 225 hearing (M-age = 11.62 years) and 108 DHH (M-age = 11.82 years) participants completed the self-report BSGQ. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the two-factor structure (i.e., shame and guilt) of the BSGQ in the DHH group. Measurement invariance was established across both groups. However, the DHH group reported lower levels of self-conscious emotions in comparison with the hearing group. The BSGQ showed good concurrent validity, where shame was associated with higher levels of social anxiety and lower levels of self-esteem, and guilt was associated with lower levels of delinquency and psychopathic behavior in both groups. Future research should investigate the potential behavioral consequences of lower reported levels of self-conscious emotions in DHH youth. Show less
Broekhof, E.; Kouwenberg, M.; Oosterveld, P.; Frijns, J.H.M.; Rieffe, C. 2020
No assessment tools are available to measure shame and guilt in children who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH), while these self-conscious emotions might play a role in the frequently noted social... Show moreNo assessment tools are available to measure shame and guilt in children who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH), while these self-conscious emotions might play a role in the frequently noted social and behavioral problems in this group. Therefore, the aim of this study was to validate the Brief Shame and Guilt Questionnaire (BSGQ) in DHH children. In addition, we examined associations of shame and guilt with social anxiety, self-esteem, delinquency, and psychopathic behaviors. A sum of 225 hearing (M-age = 11.62 years) and 108 DHH (M-age = 11.82 years) participants completed the self-report BSGQ. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the two-factor structure (i.e., shame and guilt) of the BSGQ in the DHH group. Measurement invariance was established across both groups. However, the DHH group reported lower levels of self-conscious emotions in comparison with the hearing group. The BSGQ showed good concurrent validity, where shame was associated with higher levels of social anxiety and lower levels of self-esteem, and guilt was associated with lower levels of delinquency and psychopathic behavior in both groups. Future research should investigate the potential behavioral consequences of lower reported levels of self-conscious emotions in DHH youth. Show less
Gemst, J.J. van; Kouwenberg, M.; Rops, A.L.W.M.M.; Kuppevelt, T.H. van; Berden, J.H.; Rabelink, T.J.; ... ; Vlag, J. van der 2018
No assessment tools are available to measure shame and guilt in children who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH), while theseself-conscious emotions might play a role in the frequently noted social... Show moreNo assessment tools are available to measure shame and guilt in children who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH), while theseself-conscious emotions might play a role in the frequently noted social and behavioral problems in this group. Therefore,the aim of this study was to validate the Brief Shame and Guilt Questionnaire (BSGQ) in DHH children. In addition, weexamined associations of shame and guilt with social anxiety, self-esteem, delinquency, and psychopathic behaviors. Asum of 225 hearing (Mage = 11.62 years) and 108 DHH (Mage = 11.82 years) participants completed the self-report BSGQ.Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the two-factor structure (i.e., shame and guilt) of the BSGQ in the DHHgroup. Measurement invariance was established across both groups. However, the DHH group reported lower levels ofself-conscious emotions in comparison with the hearing group. The BSGQ showed good concurrent validity, where shamewas associated with higher levels of social anxiety and lower levels of self-esteem, and guilt was associated with lowerlevels of delinquency and psychopathic behavior in both groups. Future research should investigate the potential behavioralconsequences of lower reported levels of self-conscious emotions in DHH youth. Show less
Rieffe, C.; Broekhof, E.; Kouwenberg, M.; Faber, J.; Tsutsui, M.M.; Güroğlu, B. 2016
The distinction between proactive and reactive functions of aggression is one of the most common divisions when investigating aggression among children and adolescents. To date, self-report is the... Show moreThe distinction between proactive and reactive functions of aggression is one of the most common divisions when investigating aggression among children and adolescents. To date, self-report is the least used measurement, despite existing literature supporting the view that the best informant regarding internal processes and motives are children themselves. The main aim of this study was to examine the construct and concurrent validity of a new self-report questionnaire, which aims to disentangle acts of reactive vs. proactive aggression that are most common within the daily lives of children. We examined the self-report measure among 578 children (313 girls, 265 boys, mean age 11 years, range 9-13 years). Most children (90% boys; 85% girls) reported at least one act of aggression over the last four weeks. Furthermore, the outcomes support the two-factor structure (reactive and proactive aggression) and the questionnaire showed good concurrent and discriminant validity with measures for emotional and social functioning. This study validates the use of the self-report instrument for reactive and proactive aggression and demonstrates that children can successfully distinguish between their own motives for reactive and proactive forms of aggressive behaviours. Show less
The goal of this dissertation was to enhance our understanding about internalizing problems and peer relations in DHH youth (aged around 11 years). This was done along principles of the... Show moreThe goal of this dissertation was to enhance our understanding about internalizing problems and peer relations in DHH youth (aged around 11 years). This was done along principles of the developmental psychopathology framework in which DHH children were compared to their hearing counterparts and in which multiple (underlying) social-emotional factors were examined. Results showed that DHH youth reported equal levels of somatic complaints, but more depressive symptoms, lower friendship quality and some forms of victimization more than their hearing peers. Throughout the dissertation a recurring DHH-related characteristic causing variability within the DHH sample was type of education; DHH children in special education reported poorer outcomes than their DHH peers in mainstream education. Concerning the underlying factors, a key finding was that emotional functioning underlies the development of internalizing problems and peer relations in both DHH and hearing youth, while the influence of social factors caused a discrepancy between the two groups. For example, poor social understanding is related to depressive symptoms in DHH youth, while this relation is absent in the hearing sample. Peer relations and social understanding should receive focal attention in practice and future research with DHH youth. Show less
Kouwenberg, M.; Rieffe, C.; Theunissen, S.C.P.M.; Rooij, M. de 2012