This paper attempts to assess to what extent the growth of the manufacturing sector in Kenya has contributed to a process of integrated and widespread economic development. The first section... Show moreThis paper attempts to assess to what extent the growth of the manufacturing sector in Kenya has contributed to a process of integrated and widespread economic development. The first section reviews the general arguments of development theory to promote industrial development in Third World countries. The second section deals with the pros and cons of the 'import-substitution' policy, which was adopted to speed up the growth of the manufacturing sector. The last section brings together relevant research findings concerning the effects of this policy on the structure of the manufacturing sector, employment creation, income distribution and the operations of multinational firms in Kenya. The conclusion is that the type of industrialisation that has occured has not led to 'a structural transformation' of the Kenyan economy. Import-substitution has not lessened Kenya's external dependency, but has merely changed its nature Show less
Haan, L.J. de; Groot, R. de; Rijsbergen, P. van 1982
Cette étude aborde la question de l'acquisition de droits sur la terre, tels que ceux-ci ont été mis au grand jour au cours du développement et du réglement d'un litige portant sur l'utilisation d... Show moreCette étude aborde la question de l'acquisition de droits sur la terre, tels que ceux-ci ont été mis au grand jour au cours du développement et du réglement d'un litige portant sur l'utilisation d'une parcelle située dans la ville de N'zara, chef-lieu de la circonscription de Mango, dans le nord du Togo. Après une présentation détaillée des antécédents, qui expose en particulier les relations sociales unissant les deux parties (le propriétaire et l'utilisateur du terrain), les auteurs dévrivent la manière dont le litige est réglé, une première fois par l'autorité coutumière suprême de la localité (le Chef Supérieur), en 1971, et une deuxième fois par le Juge de Paix, en 1972. Cette description est suivie d'un aperçu des événements locaux qui se déroulent jusque'en 1978 et qui influent sur l'évolution de litige. Dans le situation présente, on voit l'application de différents systèmes juridiques par différentes instances judiciaires qui représentent divers systèmes de droit, et l'emploi sélectif de moyens judiciaires par les justiciables. Show less
Aim of this volume, which brings together seven studies of religious change in Zambia, is to describe the processes of religious change in this country during the last few centuries. These studies... Show moreAim of this volume, which brings together seven studies of religious change in Zambia, is to describe the processes of religious change in this country during the last few centuries. These studies are: 1) Towards a theory of religious change in Central Africa. 2) Possession and mediumship in Zambia: towards a comparative approach. 3) Explorations in the history and sociology of territorial cults in Zambia. 4) Religious change and the problem of evil in Western Zambia. 5) Regional and non-regional cults of affliction in Western Zambia. 6) Ritual, class and urban-rural relations. 7) Cults of affliction in town, and the articulation of modes of production. Show less
The Protectorate Land Ordinance of 1927 was introduced to "simplify the law relating to the tenure of land by non-natives in the Protectorate". It was an attempt to regularize and unify existing... Show moreThe Protectorate Land Ordinance of 1927 was introduced to "simplify the law relating to the tenure of land by non-natives in the Protectorate". It was an attempt to regularize and unify existing practices, which in part were based on very old African customs around the so-called landlord-stranger relationship. Section 6 provides that if a tenancy created by a lease exceeds three years, a deed, i.e. an agreement under seal, has to be executed. Section 9 requires these deeds to be registered in Freetown. The Register of Land Leases consist of these deeds, or indentures. This report presents data extracted from this register which contains some 3000 documents. Introduction - Geographical distribution - Commercial leases - European commercial leases - Missionary leases - Concluding remarks. Seven appendices: Record form - Successive definitions of non-native - Leases by district, chiefdom and town - Commercial leases by town and year of commencement - African commercial tenants in 1930 - European commercial tenants - Missionary tenants Show less
The alternative proposed here for the tribal model as a unit of study is not another, better unit of study (e.g. a mode of production, an expanding social formation, or a well-defined spatio... Show moreThe alternative proposed here for the tribal model as a unit of study is not another, better unit of study (e.g. a mode of production, an expanding social formation, or a well-defined spatio-temporal portion of reality), but a growing awareness of possible problems and interrelations, informed by insights from history and political economy. Thus this paper is an exercise in the interaction of anthropology and history in the analysis of a specific set of data: Introduction - The end of rural anthropology in Zambia? - The unit of study - Studying the Nkoya - Ethnicity, history and the Nkoya experience - Nkoya ethnicity and the dialectics of consciousness - Conclusion: beyond the unit of study. Show less
Aim of this chapter is to present a picture of anthropological work on sub-saharan Africa as undertaken in the Netherlands during the 1970s. After the introduction follows, in section 2, a... Show moreAim of this chapter is to present a picture of anthropological work on sub-saharan Africa as undertaken in the Netherlands during the 1970s. After the introduction follows, in section 2, a discussion of the discipline and its predicaments. In section 3 the author discusses the resources and background of Africanist anthropology in the Netherlands. Section 4 is a rather succinct presentation of the current Dutch work, while, in section 5, some general trends as well as blind-spots are identified. Bibliogr., notes Show less
Les auteurs présentent leurs idées sur le sens de la conciliation dans le cadre du réglement d'un litige, afin de poser ainsi les premiers jalons d'une éventuelle étude comparative des procédures... Show moreLes auteurs présentent leurs idées sur le sens de la conciliation dans le cadre du réglement d'un litige, afin de poser ainsi les premiers jalons d'une éventuelle étude comparative des procédures de conciliation dans diverses sociétés. Show less
Une première exploration, limitée à quelques pays africains et européens. De la relation entre l'État et la langue deux aspects juridiques sont traités: les possibilités de participation pour le... Show moreUne première exploration, limitée à quelques pays africains et européens. De la relation entre l'État et la langue deux aspects juridiques sont traités: les possibilités de participation pour le citoyen et la protection offerte par l'État aux habitants qui parlent une langue autre que la langue officielle. Show less
Investigates the direct effects of modern transport on advance into the interior, structure and organization, and withdrawal from the interior in the 1950s and 1960s of these firms. A revised... Show moreInvestigates the direct effects of modern transport on advance into the interior, structure and organization, and withdrawal from the interior in the 1950s and 1960s of these firms. A revised edition of this article in: Cahiers d'études africaines, 21 (1981), 84, p. 547-575. Show less
A study based on fieldwork undertaken in 1975. Conclusion: Whilst an incipient working-class consiousness exists amongst the Ashanti Goldfield Corporation miners, the cumulative effect of the co... Show moreA study based on fieldwork undertaken in 1975. Conclusion: Whilst an incipient working-class consiousness exists amongst the Ashanti Goldfield Corporation miners, the cumulative effect of the co-existence of various modes of production, the constant confrontation of miners with the value systems and ideologies of the dominant classes in society, and the absence of a radical or revolutionary leadership and ideology makes gradual and sustained mobilization of class consciousness exceptionally difficult and thereby limits working-class actions, collective action is likely to continue to take the form of local wildcat strikes, because economic actions often arise out of a deeply-felt resentment against the present inegalitarian status quo. Such action, however, can be broken by management through dismissals, and by the State through a show of force Show less
The revolt of the Menalamba occurred over a wide area of central Madagascar, mostly in the kingdom of Imerina, in the two years following the French invasion of Madagascar in 1895. A mysterious... Show moreThe revolt of the Menalamba occurred over a wide area of central Madagascar, mostly in the kingdom of Imerina, in the two years following the French invasion of Madagascar in 1895. A mysterious aspect has always been the question of who, if anyone was its leader. The official version (of the French government) was that the movement was inspired or directed by a number of magnates at the old Merina court. Recent research in previously unopened archives has thrown new light on the question: the role of the old oligarchy in the uprising was virtually nil. Notes, French sum Show less
A partir d'une "étude de cas" au niveau micro, cet article se propose de montrer la nature des relations qui existent entre, d'une part, les paysans (notammant ceux de Birkama, village balante de... Show moreA partir d'une "étude de cas" au niveau micro, cet article se propose de montrer la nature des relations qui existent entre, d'une part, les paysans (notammant ceux de Birkama, village balante de Casamance, Sud-Sénégal), d'autre part, le capitalisme et l'Etat. L'auteur prend comme point de départ une activité subsidiaire, la pêche des crevettes. A partir de la situation conflictuelle (comprenant les mouvements de grève) qui est apparue en 1975 dans l'industrie de la pêche des crevettes en Casamance, une analyse est faite sur la nature complexe et constamment changeante des relations existantes entre les diverses classes (paysans et pêcheurs, industrie, intermediaires et représentants du gouvernement). Show less
In order better to present these cults in their interrelation with other institutions, the author introduces an additional analytical concept: the shrine cult, calling a shrine "a spot which is... Show moreIn order better to present these cults in their interrelation with other institutions, the author introduces an additional analytical concept: the shrine cult, calling a shrine "a spot which is singled out and treated in a very special way because of its close association with events by which entities believed to exist somewhere outside this visible order can manifest themselves within this order - and where, therefore, humans can communicate with these entities". The concepts of territorial cult and shrine cult largely overlap, but neither is a subset of the other. The territorial cult in the Zambian context - Shrines, ecology and the community - Chiefs and shrines in Zambia's history - Conclusion Show less
The present paper explores the interplay between local popular Islam and the repeated introduction of formal Islam in Khrumiria, North-western Tunisia, against the background of its social and... Show moreThe present paper explores the interplay between local popular Islam and the repeated introduction of formal Islam in Khrumiria, North-western Tunisia, against the background of its social and political structure and the radical changes the latter underwent in the colonial and post-colonial era. The dynamics underlying the relation between the two versions of Islam in Khrumiria should be interpreted primarily by reference to supra-local political and economic incorporation processes, i.e. to ultimately non-religious factors. Show less
