Deux des limitations majeurs des études sur les migration en Afrique Noire sont leur orientation axée vers l'analyse des caractéristiques et motivations individuelles des migrants et la négligence... Show moreDeux des limitations majeurs des études sur les migration en Afrique Noire sont leur orientation axée vers l'analyse des caractéristiques et motivations individuelles des migrants et la négligence de l'évaluation des conséquences sur les lieux de départ. Ce rapport, résultat d'une recherche menée en 1974 et 1975 par des chercheurs de l'Afrika-Studiecentrum dans quatre villages de Basse Casamance (Sénégal) vise à partiellement corriger ces carences. Pour ce faire, les auteurs adoptent une approche multidisciplinaire intégrée, tenant compte aussi bien des élémants micro- et macroéconomiques que de la stratégie de développement du pays et de ses effets de toutes natures. Ils mettent en lumière la multiplicité des facteurs entrant en jeu dans l'explication du phénomène migratoire et montrent la complexité de leurs interrelations. Ils analysent aussi les conséquences sur les lieux de départ. Show less
Gerold-Scheepers, J.F.A.; Binsbergen, W.M.J. van 1978
In the more sophisticated studies on migration in tropical Africa aiming at explanation of migratory phenomena the major distinctions have been those between structural and methodological... Show moreIn the more sophisticated studies on migration in tropical Africa aiming at explanation of migratory phenomena the major distinctions have been those between structural and methodological-individualist approaches, and, within the structural approach, between recent marxism on the one hand and structural-functionalism on the other, the latter having dominated the social-scientific study of African migration since the 1950s. The A's discuss the structural approach, in both its marxist and non-marxist versions, in the light of the question linking migration and rural development: does migration foster rural development by bringing about an optimal distribution of human resources, or, on the contrary, does migration constitute a drain on the labour and material resources of rural areas? They concentrate on anthropological and sociological studies. Sections: Introduction - The structural-functionalist approach - Marxist approaches - Conclusion. Show less
Introduction to a volume of papers delivered during the 1977 conference of the Afrika-Studiecentrum in Leiden with the theme of 'Migration and rural development in Tropical Africa'. The... Show moreIntroduction to a volume of papers delivered during the 1977 conference of the Afrika-Studiecentrum in Leiden with the theme of 'Migration and rural development in Tropical Africa'. The geographical coverage of this volume includes West- and Southern Africa, bu does not extend to East or Central Africa. Th papers discuss the main problems of migration in Tropical Africa, namely: 1. The definition of migration, 2. Description of migration streams, 3. Forces behind migration; structure versus individual motivation. 4. The nature of the sectors between which migration takes place, 5. The historical processes by which these different sectors have emerged. 6. The political and economic processes by which the differences between sectors are perpetuated, 7. The social processes by which the different sectors are connected, 8. Migration and rural development. The A's in part 3 end with the general problem that relates to the subjective appreciation of contemporary African conditions, among researchers. Show less
Economists have long neglected changes in labour use in the different sectors. They were primarily interested in the 'most growth inducing production factors' of which capital formation was... Show moreEconomists have long neglected changes in labour use in the different sectors. They were primarily interested in the 'most growth inducing production factors' of which capital formation was thought to be the most effective. However, the record of groving urban unemployment and growing imbalances in ruralurban income and job opportunities has forced economists to reconsider their rigid adjustment models of efficient allocation of the production factors between sectors leading to, in the end, equal seetoral marginal productivities. This paper provides a description of the changes in the approach and the interpretation of labour transfers between sectors and regions (which is in fact what labour migration is about) in economic development theory. Furthermore the A. determines whether these academic studies have led to a more effective migration policy as pursued by the governments of the underdeveloped countries. Show less
