In diesem Artikel wird erörtert, auf welche Weise die kolonialräumliche Struktur des deutschen Schutzgebietes Togo zustande gekommen ist, weil die Entwicklungen in dieser Periode von Togos... Show more In diesem Artikel wird erörtert, auf welche Weise die kolonialräumliche Struktur des deutschen Schutzgebietes Togo zustande gekommen ist, weil die Entwicklungen in dieser Periode von Togos Geschichte (1884-1914) die räumliche Struktur Togos bis nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg bestimmt haben. Inbesondere wird ein wichtiges Element in dieser Struktur betrachtet: die Entwicklung der Infrastruktur. Die Entwicklung der Infrastruktur in Togo war mit einfer Vergrösserung der Exportproduktionsgebiete und einer Zunehmenden Marktintegration der Bevölkerung verbunden. Die Infrastrukturenentwicklung trug zum Ausbau oder Rückgang der alten Zentren und zur Entstehung neuer bei. Die Entwicklung der kolonialen räumlichen Struktur folgte in erster Linie den Hauptlinien der präkolonialen räumlichen Struktur. Nach einiger Zeit kam allmählich eine Umstrukturierung in Gang. Est ist deutlich, dass die modernen Transportmittel die kolonial-räumliche Umstrukturierung nicht veranlasst, wohl aber beschleunigt haben. Show less
Nkoya is an ethnic and linguistic label applying to about 50,000 people inhabiting the wooded plateau of Central Western Zambia. The author discusses the valley as the effective rural community... Show moreNkoya is an ethnic and linguistic label applying to about 50,000 people inhabiting the wooded plateau of Central Western Zambia. The author discusses the valley as the effective rural community and the villages as the main constituent social units within the valley and finally indicates the place of Nkoya society within the context of Central Africa as a whole Show less
Hesseling, G.S.C.M.; Sypkens Smit, M.; Miginiac, C. 1983
Pendant l'année 1982 et une partie de l'année 1983 l'auteur a effectué une recherche au Sénégal avec la collaboration de M. Sypkens Smit, anthropologue. Le thème central de la recherche était l... Show morePendant l'année 1982 et une partie de l'année 1983 l'auteur a effectué une recherche au Sénégal avec la collaboration de M. Sypkens Smit, anthropologue. Le thème central de la recherche était l'interaction entre les différents systèmes de droit foncier. Le présent rapport relate la phase préparatoire de la recherche, ainsi que les activités des deux chercheurs sur le terrain, en Basse Casamance. Le chapitre sur "Les aspects anthropologiques du droit foncier: le cas d'un village diola" est de la main de M. Sypkens Smit. Show less
De aandacht gaat met name uit naar de ontwikkeling van de infrastructuur. Daarbij wordt nagegaan in hoeverre de bestaande concepten van transportontwikkeling in (West-)Afrika de Togolese processen... Show moreDe aandacht gaat met name uit naar de ontwikkeling van de infrastructuur. Daarbij wordt nagegaan in hoeverre de bestaande concepten van transportontwikkeling in (West-)Afrika de Togolese processen kunnen helpen verklaren. Show less
Dietz, A.J.; Haastrecht, A. van; Schomaker, M.; Lopeyok, S.; Hendrix, H. 1983
Na een korte verkenning van een aantal theoretische concepties, wordt de koloniale en post-koloniale ontwikkeling van de ruimtelijke structuur in Togo geanalyseerd, waarbij met name aandacht wordt... Show moreNa een korte verkenning van een aantal theoretische concepties, wordt de koloniale en post-koloniale ontwikkeling van de ruimtelijke structuur in Togo geanalyseerd, waarbij met name aandacht wordt besteed aan de invloed van de staat op de exportproduktie, op de ontwikkeling van het transportnetwerk en op de arbeidsmigratie. Show less
This anthology explains and highlights the 'political culture' of those people taxonomically referred to in South African racial legislation as "Coloured". It is based on articles written for a... Show moreThis anthology explains and highlights the 'political culture' of those people taxonomically referred to in South African racial legislation as "Coloured". It is based on articles written for a journal called 'The Educational Journal', which was, and still is, the official magazine of the Teachers' League of South Africa. Five sections are considered for inclusion, namely, politics, history, language, literature and education. First a historical and political introduction of events, as they affected the so-called "Coloured" people in, especially the Cape Province, over a period of three hundred years, is given. Show less
Presuming reader familiarity with general works on Kenyan history and Kikuyu society, and more particularly with Mau Mau 'classics' such as Rosberg and Nottingham's 'The myth of Mau Mau' (New York... Show morePresuming reader familiarity with general works on Kenyan history and Kikuyu society, and more particularly with Mau Mau 'classics' such as Rosberg and Nottingham's 'The myth of Mau Mau' (New York, Praeger, 1966) and Barnett and Njama's 'Mau Mau from within' (New York, Monthly Review Press, 1966), the author here aims not so much to present a new, comprehensive study of Mau Mau, but rather to take stock of and to evaluate the progress made in Mau Mau studies during the last ten years. Focus is above all on points that have raised controversy or publications that carry new "discoveries" (facts as well as hypotheses). Successive chapters of the report, which in the words of the author "should be considered as a series of articles loosely held together rather than as a well-constructed book", deal with Mau Mau recruitment, Mau Mau organisation, the meaning of Mau Mau in terms of respectively cultural renewal, anti-colonialism, and civil war, and the Kiambu enigma. The final chapter indicates possible leads for comparison with the 1947-Madagascar war and the UPC insurrections in Cameroon. Show less
In 1976 a start was made with the setting up of a system of district planning based on consultation with the people at the village level. The intention was to replace a system of purely "top-down"... Show moreIn 1976 a start was made with the setting up of a system of district planning based on consultation with the people at the village level. The intention was to replace a system of purely "top-down" planning with a system including strong elements of "bottom-up" planning. The present report describes the changes that took place between 1976 and 1980. It focusses on the integration at the district level of information from the consultation into the planning process. The linking of planning with consultation as a basis for the wider development of nonformal education in Botswana is also considered. In Botswana, the district planning system has developed a social services infrastructure focus and within these boundaries the district planning system does work. But it does not work when it comes to tackling Botswana's main problems - the increasing rural impoverishment and lack of productive employment for most Botswana. Show less
Sum.: In the West African countries of the Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria and Cameroon, cooperative societies are involved in buying coffee and cocoa from farmers. These cooperatives do not always pay... Show moreSum.: In the West African countries of the Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria and Cameroon, cooperative societies are involved in buying coffee and cocoa from farmers. These cooperatives do not always pay exactly the producers' price as it is set by the respective governments. These deviations from the producers' price differ according to the conditions under which cooperatives function. Three conditions, that, taken together, have a negative effect on the prices paid to the farmers, are the following: (a) When cooperatives are grouped in extensive, nation-wide organizations, of which the management cannot be effectively controlled by the farmers; (b) When governments have failed to set up effective control over management or accountancy over the cooperative organization; (c) When governments have granted a buying monopoly to the cooperatives and have excluded private traders from buying produce. Show less
Sum.: The West African governments fix annual producers' prices for most kinds of export produce. These prices, which are considerably lower than the corresponding world market prices, have to be... Show moreSum.: The West African governments fix annual producers' prices for most kinds of export produce. These prices, which are considerably lower than the corresponding world market prices, have to be paid by produce buyers, when they buy from farmers. This study reports on research done among the cocoa and coffee farmers in four West African countries (Cameroon, Ghana, the Ivory Coast, and Nigeria) in 1979 and 1980. The author investigated on the spot whether the farmers received the official producers' price and, if not, what kind of deviations occurred and how large they were. The author found that on the whole the producers' price system was effective but there were also deviations, negative as well as positive. These deviations are discussed and presented in tables. They are expressed as percentages of the producers' price to allow comparisons for countries and crops. Show less
