Objective: This study aimed to divide leg malalignment into different categories of valgus and varus of the femur, tibia, and intra-articular knee joint and investigates whether knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients are susceptible for changes of such leg deformities over time.
Design: This study included 317 radiographs and CT-images on baseline and 24 months of 169 patients (median age 67, 78.2 % female) of the prospective European IMI-APPROACH cohort, enrolled for knee OA. Femoral, tibial, and intra-articular geometry was determined. Different categories were analysed based on varus or valgus in the femur, in the tibia, or within the intra-articular joint. Changes of these variables over time and their correlations were determined with mixed model analysis.
Results: Femurs tended to become more varus-like over the two-year follow up (0.3 degrees, 95 % CI 0.6 degrees-0.1 degrees, p = 0.02), bony valgus femurs became more varus shaped (1.1 degrees, 95 % CI:1.7...
Show moreObjective: This study aimed to divide leg malalignment into different categories of valgus and varus of the femur, tibia, and intra-articular knee joint and investigates whether knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients are susceptible for changes of such leg deformities over time.
Design: This study included 317 radiographs and CT-images on baseline and 24 months of 169 patients (median age 67, 78.2 % female) of the prospective European IMI-APPROACH cohort, enrolled for knee OA. Femoral, tibial, and intra-articular geometry was determined. Different categories were analysed based on varus or valgus in the femur, in the tibia, or within the intra-articular joint. Changes of these variables over time and their correlations were determined with mixed model analysis.
Results: Femurs tended to become more varus-like over the two-year follow up (0.3 degrees, 95 % CI 0.6 degrees-0.1 degrees, p = 0.02), bony valgus femurs became more varus shaped (1.1 degrees, 95 % CI:1.7 degrees-0.5 degrees, p < 0.001). Patients with bone varus and a normal joint line convergence angle (JLCA) showed a significant increase in intra-articular joint varus, with a mean JLCA increase of 1.1 degrees(95 % CI:0.4 degrees-1.7 degrees, p = 0.005). By two years, they reached the threshold for defining intra-articular joint varus deformity, with a JLCA of 2.0 degrees.
Conclusions: Substantial intra-articular joint and bone varus progression was observed within two years. This study shows that bone deformity is to some extent a dynamic process and there is a growing varus malalignment in the intra-articular knee joint and bones. Thereby this study emphasizes the importance of leg malalignment for progression of intra-articular knee joint changes in early OA.
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